eRepublik

eRepublik In Madrid we meet Alexis Bonte, the CEO and co-founder of eRepublik labs. ERepublik labs develops and distributes massively multiplayer online games (MMOG).Alexis shares some insights on his professional background and why he founded eRepublic. Furthermore, he describes the business model and uniqueness of the game and his plans for rolling out different mobile MMOGs in the future. Lastly, Alexis shares some advice for first time entrepreneurs.Interviewer: Hi. Today we are in Madrid with eRepublik. Alexis, who are you and what do you do?Alexis: My name is Alexis Bonte and I am the co-founder and CEO of eRepublik labs.Interviewer: What did you do before you started this company?Alexis: That is a complicated thing. I started my first company when I was 21, straight out of business school, it was called Tradeok.com. I tried to do eBay in Europe, but at the same time as OLX, this was 1998, it was a complete failure, didn’t work out. I actually raised some funds and all that, but it did n’t work out. I was very lucky because then a friend of mine was raising funds in Argentina for another company, and I told him South America is a bit risky and all that sort of stuff, I’ve an idea, let me come and see your investors, convince to contribute more money, and I’ll give you what I’ve got left of my company, then you’ll have an office in Europe as well. And he said, okay, let’s try and do that. So I had 500,000 left, so I took a flight to Argentina, convinced his investors to raise a million dollars instead of $800,000, I got 5% of his company. I lost my company, I lost everything, but I traded for some of his company, I didn’t go bust. And five years afterward the irony is that the European office of that company saved that company, and, then the company was bought and it was a huge exit. So that’s how I got started.And then I worked in Lastminute.com, which is a big travel company, I met a wonderful person called Brent Hoberman who asked me to help me o ut to basically found and start Lastminute.com. I was not the founder but I was part of the team in the beginning. And that was a crazy story for six year with the IPO, and then the company went down really badly, then we managed to rebuild it and we sold the company in 2005 for $1.1 billion to Sabre.Interviewer: When did you start with this gaming industry?Alexis: When I was 16 years old my friends used to make fun of me because I would write business plans about the games company I would have one day. So I would write down the games and all this stuff I wanted to do, at the time I think it was Formula One management game, something like that. So after Lastminute.com I did a bit of angel investing. My wife is Spanish, she wanted us to move to Spain, so I moved here. I started with new things in Romania and all that, and found some developers for different things. I’ve always liked a game that was called Civilization, which is a famous PC game, and I thought it would be great if w e could have Civilization on the PC but online, with everything on the internet, with user-generated content and all that, and I found somebody in Romania who was a programmer and he said that could be interesting as well. So we started like that. We didn’t know what we were doing really.Interviewer: How long did it take until the company kept growing a little bit faster.Alexis: For six months the company was just six people. I basically put the money for it to get it started and we built the product. I designed the game and that sort of stuff. After six months I was like, This is pretty good. It wasn’t really ready but we launched it anyway, and I remember it was in the beginnings of Twitter and I was one of the first people on Twitter â€" thanks to Loic le Meur who showed it to me â€" so I tweeted, hey, I’ve just released this social strategy game called eRepublic.com where you can be a real citizen in a real country. And I thought let’s see what happens. Within a week the re were 30,000 people playing from all over the world. That’s how we started. One month afterward we competed on the web, we presented in on the web, we won the special jury prize in the web and things just got started up.Interviewer: So was it more PR driven?Alexis: I think when you’re starting and when you’re an entrepreneur â€" I was lucky because at Lastminute.com I wasn’t the founder, so I didn’t have the gravitas that the founder had, but I did have the contacts, I did know a lot of people, so that gave me access to different influencers. Also I was very lucky when I moved to Madrid here to meet a wonderful man called Martin Varsavsky, who very kingly invited me to â€" he used to do an event called Menorca Tech Talk â€" and he invited me to that event and I went. So I showing the game to people who were influential. And then I got those people to retweet my tweet and start talking about the game, I got Julio  Alonso, who is a Spanish guy here who has the biggest blog s, to start playing the game so that people who like Julio  Alonso will also play. So it’s not PR, I would call it more social networking and then making that work. We didn’t get a lot of press in the beginning, almost no press, then when we started having millions of users and all that we got the press.Interviewer: So basically focus on the key influencers and then just having them disseminate the message?Alexis: Yeah.Interviewer: The business model of eRepublik, how does it work right now?Alexis: At the beginning it had no business model, because the game was free, we didn’t know how we were going to make, we thought we would do the advertising. But no, we wanted to first put it free to play. This was seven years ago. Actually the Germans were the ones who were doing this in the beginning. I think it was only game free to play, so we looked at what they were doing, and we decide to introduce a currency in the game that you could purchase. With that currency you could basical ly buy advantages in the game and all that, and that’s become our business.Interviewer: How many users do you have currently at eRepublik?Alexis: In the past seven years we’ve had five million user who’ve registered to play the game. And that’s the official number that we disclose, but it’s a smaller number of players that are actually active on a monthly basis, but we don’t disclose that number.Interviewer: By which channels do you acquire the customers or users today?Alexis: Today we only rely on organic, reality still. There was a time when we did some marketing campaigns like AdWords and all that, but those became quite expensive. So we stopped doing it and we put more viral elements to the game and all that. And that’s what we do. Also what we’ve realized is the organic traffic is usually a lot better than the acquired traffic.Interviewer: The conversion rates of signing upAlexis: The conversion rates, the second day return, the three day retention rate, the mar ketization is much much stronger. So we try and rely on organic as much as possible. But there were times when we were spending a lot of money on marketing.Interviewer: Can you give us some more insights on the KPIs you’re tracking and how they help you perform better?Alexis: One KPI we look at is if you’re looking at the marketing channel of course you look at the acquisition cost per registration or per install, if you’re talking about mobiles that’s the first thing you look at. We never never pay non-performance advertising, we never do that. Then what we do get is the percentage of people who complete what we called the on-boarding, the tutorial. So if you’re below 60% you’re in trouble, that means that is a warning you should change it. Then we look at the percentage of people who come back on the second day. So that’s what we call the second day retention. So clearly you want to be at 50%, not lower than 40%. And then we look at seven day retention and three day retention, and ideally you want to be around 20-25%. So 100 players that install or register in your game after a month if you have about 20-25 still playing. For core games, most core games are actually around 10, but if you’re below 10 you’re really in trouble. And then obviously monetization, how much revenue can you get? And that really depends on the game. A game like ours, eRepublik, monetizes quite late because it’s very hardcore. But mobile games will monetize in the first week, so it really depends on the game.Interviewer: Because you have the purchases of the app or in-app purchases that they monetize better?Alexis: Because you have in-app purchases and because on mobile the lifetime of a user will be shorter, it will be two months, three months, four months, six months if you’re very lucky. In games like iRepublik.com you can actually have a much longer lifetime, so we have an average lifetime of close to two years, which is very long by the way, it’s probably o ne of the longest in the industry.Interviewer: And in terms of the revenue model can you split this via desktop and mobile and how you’re earning money on both of these devices?Alexis: Right now for eRepublik it’s quite bizarre we did a web mobile version within the application of eRepublik, because eRepublik is a browser game, and what we’re seeing right now is that about 15-20% of our traffic is mobile, which is very low, it should be higher. It will be much higher when we do an app, but right now what we’ve decided to do â€" because eRepublik is such a complex game, it is a seven year old game, we’re adding things every month â€" is to do new games, so we are launching ‘Tactical Heroes’, that’s the next game we’re doing. We are self-launching on 26th of June in Spain, and we’ll have the global launch sometime in September. I’m very happy because we’ve had that first review today. Some journalist managed to find our self-launch in New Zealand, indeed he did a review of the unfinished game and we got 8/10 for a game that’s not finished yet. So we’re very excited about that. And then we’re doing another game called ‘Age of Lords’ which we will launch sometime next year.Interviewer: Can you tell us a little bit more about your future plans for these games, because as you said you’ve got one game now, you’re planning to release two further games. Can you tell us a little bit more about the strategy behind it, whether you’re expanding it into different kind of games segments or different platforms or geographic regions?Alexis: The game eRepublik is played all over the world, it’s very strong everywhere in the world, except in Asia. We actually decided to continue focusing on strategy games, because it’s working now and that’s what we love. But what we’ve decided to do is actually to pivot the company towards mobile games, because this is where all the growth is right now. In browser games they’re declining about 1 5-20% year on year, mobile games are boom! Also there is a lot more competition with mobile games, so you need to know what you’re doing. So this is the reason.Actually we have two game studios in the company. We have a game studio with about 35 people in Romania, and that game studio is divided into two game teams, one game team that covers eRepublik.com, and another game team that takes care of the new game ‘Age of Lords’. And we actually had to open a new studio here in Spain, which is where I live, to do ‘Tactical Heroes’. And we needed to have a mobile games team for that, and that was the hardest part to do, so we had to acquire a company. So we made a small acquisition of a company called ‘Alien Flow’ which had a team of people who were experienced in doing mobile games.And another thing we’ve done is we’ve spent almost a year just building the team up. Getting people from Gameloft and companies like that that really have experience. So we now have a very st rong team, about 27 people, here is Spain that allows us to compete here, to compete in games. It’s all about the team.Interviewer: How do you convert the users from eRepublik to the new games given that the hard fact that it’s a different kind of genre and different kind of platform that you use. And also in terms of marketing channels, it’s different way of acquiring customers for a mobile application as opposed to the desktop?Alexis: The one thing that we’ve in common is that it’s a strategy game, it’s multi-player, and it’s competitive gameplay. We know that we have players who like that, we have a database of five million core gamers who like those kinds of games that we can market to, because we regularly market to all these people. And so we’ll be able to cross-promote. But we know that when we cross-promotion from email to iPhone install it’s not usually the best one. So we’ve tested it now with our Indonesian community, because we’ve self-launched in I ndonesia, and that has given us I think about 200,000 players in Indonesia, and that’s given us a few thousand installs. So we know that from five millions users we should get a decent amount of installs which clearly won’t be sufficient.So what we’re doing, a very good thing, is to basically learn what marketing channels work on mobile, is it Facebook, test them. And even if it is with 50 Euros, 100 Euros, very little, start testing them, start having the matrix, start measuring everything. So we’ve been running campaigns in Indonesia for two months with 20 to 30 viewers a day, but we’re learning. And the other important thing is, if you can, try and get Apple to support you. Apple will never promise anything but you should definitely try.Interviewer: In terms of corporate strategy what do you need to do now in order to remain relevant and grow the business? What is the competitive advantage in the online gaming industry?Alexis: I would say probably now three or four year s eRepublic.com was at the forefront, and then we missed the boat, we missed the whole Facebook games boat, because we were so focused on eRepublik. It was growing, we were on the rocket ship, and we were just trying to keep the rocket ship going, and when you do that sometimes you miss opportunities. And I remember we actually knew about the whole Facebook program and all that from the moment they launched, and we were like we don’t have time for that. And we missed the whole Facebook thing. So we decided we don’t want to miss anymore. So from a strategic point of view what we’ve done is although what is easy for us is to keep investing in eRepublik and keep going along with that, we said of both the teams we have we are going to reduce the team that is focusing on the eRepublic.com, we’re going to do that acquisition, we need to be good at mobile, we need to understand mobile. And so that’s the big strategic decision that we’ve done. ERepublik.com was a profitable comp any for the past few years and we said now the train is leaving the station, it’s going fast, we we’re going to invest, it doesn’t matter, we don’t need to be profitable for one or two years, we have accumulated reserves, and we’re going to just invest to make sure that we get on the new rocket ship.Interviewer: This is a very good bridge for talking about the market development. As you said there seems to be some shift over the past few years from normal browser games to more social related games, using Facebook for virality, and now mobiles. Can you tell us a bit more of what you think the future will be in terms of gaming? Obviously desktop will not die but maybe the proportions will change or the type of games that are played on different devices will maybe change?Alexis: That’s a very good question. By the way, Facebook is a good platform, and I think there will still be social games being played on Facebook, there have been very good successes on Facebook recently, so that’s a really good platform and one that we’re looking at and talking to. Then basically the desktop games our team is doing very well, and I think this is the really really core games on PC. I would think e-sports is really happening on the PC. So the ones I will be more concerned about is the consoles, the consoles are struggling, even the new generation and consoles but the PC games I think will still be there.I think browser games are going to continue to decline. But two games that are in my opinion are still going to go well especially the tablets. I think phones and all that is going to be strong, but the tablets are going to be very strong. But the types of games have to be slightly different, the biggest difference is the time of the session, how much time you spend playing that game. For example on PC you could have a game that is designed to be played for hours and hours, same thing on the console, on the mobile phone it’s a few minutes, it’s what you call t he snack, the snack experience. On the tablet it’s between both.Interviewer: Because you’re coming from this core gaming industry and seeing Diablo III for example, it’s a core game which is distributed online and making quite a lot of revenue, have you ever thought about going into this kind of subscription based core games?Alexis: We don’t believe in subscription.Interviewer: Interesting. Why?Alexis: Free to play is much stronger, because free to play is more fair, you get to try the game for free and if you like it you pay. Subscription is the same thing they usually give you 15 days, but I just don’t believe in the subscription model. I think different games have different values for different people. I might use Diablo III five or six hours a day, and you might use it half an hour a day, why should we pay the same price?Interviewer: With Entrepreneurial Insights we always try to teach or give advice to first-time entrepreneurs. And I think you’ve learnt some quiet c ool lessons over the last 10 to 15 years being an entrepreneur. Maybe I can ask you to share one or two stories.Alexis: When they first start a company, the one thing I tell them is the first three years of your life as an entrepreneur are going to be hell. It’s going to be horrible. You’re going to learn tons, you’re going to think nothing goes right, it’s going to be very very tough, and don’t expect to have profits in the first three years. And people need to understand that. It’s not like people see this glamorous entrepreneur because people only write about successes and successful entrepreneurs. Very rarely do we speak about failure. And the first three years you’re just going to fail over and over and over and over. It’s how you fail, how quickly you fail, and then building up on those failures that eventually will make you reach success. But the most likely fact is that it is going to take like three years. So that’s the first.The second things is actually looking to the first thing. It’s about persistence. You have to be super damn persistent. I’ll tell you Lasminute.com, which was the first company I was part of where I wasn’t the founder, but I remember it was about selling flight tickets in the beginning. And if you’re going to sell flight tickets you need have a deal with the airlines, and the first deal they tried to get was with Alitalia, it took 35 phone calls for Alitalia to answer. And then we started selling Alitalia and Lastminute.com was then the biggest travel company here.More recently in our case we are moving to mobile. Although we are an established company in browser games, nobody knew us in mobile, and it is very hard to do well in mobile if Apple doesn’t look at you, doesn’t talk to you, Google doesn’t look at you, doesn’t talk to you. And I remember at the beginning six months ago I’ll go to conferences, and I know all those people because I’ve been an entrepreneur for a long time, and I knew nobody at Apple that could help. The people at Google I knew had nothing to do with the Google people. I was completely stuck. So I started asking friends, calling, it took me three months, three months of really finding out who the right people are. The people with who have the connections they don’t give you the connections. And now we’re in a situation where we are talking with these people, they’ve notice us, they know we’re serious, they’ve seen the game, they realize they’re getting a lot, but it’s months and months and months, and it’s not something I gave to the marketing people, it’s not the marketing people that make it happen, you’ve got to make it happen.Interviewer: Thank you very much Alexis.Alexis: You’re welcome. Thank you.

Chercher midi àquatorze heures

Expression: Chercher midi à   quatorze heures Pronunciation: [sher shay mi di a kah tor zeur] Meaning: to make something more complicated, make a mountain out of a molehill Literal translation:  to look for noon at two pm Register: normal Notes The French expression chercher midi à   quatorze heures is a quirky way of telling someone that s/he is making an issue more difficult than it needs to be—turning something simple into something complicated. You might use it to mean someone has lost perspective or has gotten so caught up in a project that s/he is overdoing it. The literal translation makes it seem more like youre trying to do something too late or to do something impossible, since of course at 2pm noon is long gone—but thats idiomatic language for you. Example   Ã‚  Ã‚  Cest dà ©jà   parfait, je te dis—pourquoi cherches-tu midi à   quatorze heures  ?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Its already perfect, Im telling you—why are you making it more complicated? Humorous variation: chercher midi à   douze heures - to look for noon at twelve oclock

Should I Earn an Advertising Degree

An advertising degree is a specialized academic degree awarded to students who have completed a college, university, or business school program with a focus on advertising. Types of Advertising Degrees There are four basic types of advertising degrees that can be earned from a college, university, or business school: Associates DegreeBachelors DegreeMasters DegreeDoctorate Degree Although it is not absolutely necessary to earn a degree in advertising to break into the field, many employers prefer applicants who have some college as well as experience in advertising, marketing, or a related field. An associates degree, which can be completed in two years, may be acceptable for some entry-level positions. Employers who are looking for advertising managers generally prefer applicants with a bachelors degree in advertising, marketing, or a related field. A bachelors degree program in advertising can usually be completed in four years. However, accelerated programs are available. Students who have already earned a bachelors degree can go on to earn a masters degree in advertising, which is recommended for advanced positions in the field. Most masters programs take two years of full-time study to complete. After a masters degree is earned, students can continue their education in a doctorate degree program in business or advertising. A doctorate degree is recommended for professionals who are interested in teaching at the university level. Choosing an Advertising Degree Program An advertising degree can be earned online or from a campus-based program. Some programs will focus exclusively on advertising while others emphasize advertising in addition to marketing or sales. When choosing an advertising program, it is important to look at a variety of different factors. First and foremost, you should choose an accredited school. Accreditation ensures the quality of the program and increases your chances of earning transferable credits and post-graduation employment. Other factors to consider include school/program reputation, class sizes, teaching methods (lectures, case studies, etc.), career placement data, retention rates, tuition costs, financial aid packages, and admissions requirements. It is important that you choose an advertising degree program that fits your academic needs. Think carefully about what type of job you want to get after graduation and then evaluate the schools ability to help you achieve your goal. What Can I Do With an Advertising Degree? Advertising professionals can be found in nearly every industry imaginable. Marketing and advertising is a huge part of sales and essential for most successful businesses. Both large and small organizations utilize advertising to launch, grow, and maintain their standing in the business world. As an advertising professional, you could work for one of these organizations. You may also find employment with advertising agencies and consulting firms. If you have an entrepreneurial spirit, you can join the many self-employed advertising professionals who either freelance or run their own business. Specific jobs that are common in the industry include: Copywriter - Copywriters are responsible for the catchy text in advertising. Their job is to write persuasively and convincingly so that customers are attracted to a particular product or service. Most copywriters work for ad agencies and print publications.Advertising Manager - Advertising managers oversee advertising strategy, sales materials, and other aspects of a marketing campaign. They are usually in charge of entire departments or groups of account executives.Advertising Account Executive - These advertising professionals act as a liaison between advertising agencies and their clients. They dont handle the creative side of the business—they focus solely on communication and customer service.Creative Director - Creative directors are experienced advertising professionals. They commonly work for advertising agencies. In addition to supervising copywriters, advertising executives, designers, and other members of the creative team, creative directors design and oversee adv ertising campaigns and deal directly with clients to make sure every need is met.

University of Washington Admissions Free Essays

The challenging family situation I would like to share with you is our move from Korea to the United States. In 1989, my life was changed when my family immigrated to a new country, hoping for a better future. My life in Korea was hopeless, because I was a failing student with not much interest in school. We will write a custom essay sample on University of Washington Admissions or any similar topic only for you Order Now I spent the majority of my time in Arcades, wasting my coins on video games. Rather than studying with my friends, as I had told my parents I would, I obsessed over the games. The only positive aspect to my life was my private computer programming lessons. Programming in Apple BASIC presented me with an opportunity to create my own world. One day, my parents told me that we were going to move to the United States of America, and I developed a strong feeling that my life soon would change forever. After spending eleven years in Korea, our family moved a totally different environment. This I knew would be my toughest challenge to date. As a fifth grader attending a new elementary school in a new country, I felt left out because of my inability to communicate. Some kids assumed that I did not understand them at all, so they made rude remarks about me. I understood them, maybe not completely, but I knew the intent of their messages. All that I had was my Apple II computer at which I just sat and programmed when I came home from school. At home, my parents pressured me to study all of the time, but I was frustrated and wanted to return to Korea. I wanted to go back and talk freely with my friends and play games with them. My parents often told me that they decided to move here because of the educational opportunities, yet I continued to rebel and refused to listen to what they said. Over time, my English improved. I moved on to regular sixth grade classes; some of which were challenging, but tolerable because of my teachers whom were willing to help. I always enjoyed class trips to the computer lab, where I would start programming on the computer. Other kids would start to gather around and treat me like a genius. Before long, I made more friends and found that I was enjoying school. Thoughts of going back to Korea faded, and my grades rose to a satisfactory level. This pleased my parents who now encouraged me to invite friends to dinner. When my friends came over, I became the translator between my parents and my friends. Since then, I often translate for my parents in any occasion where translation is needed. Talking to some adults was intimidating and sometimes embarrassing, but I felt mature and responsible. The rest of my school year went by very smoothly, and my self-confidence grew. Now I help other Korean people with language difficulties, helping them to understand English and American customs. Prior to my arrival to the United States, I thought everything would be nice and easy, but it did not turn out that way. Life was difficult, since I had to learn a new language, culture, and customs. One of the best things I learned was that my parents were right. This experience helped change me from a hopeless kid to a confident and responsible young adult. From this experience, I have learned that if one sets goals, works hard towards those goals, dedicates oneself to those goals, and takes advantage of opportunities presented, they can achieve anything. How to cite University of Washington Admissions, Essays

Effect of Cage Free Labeling on Consumers Sustainability Consciousness

Question: Discuss about theEffect of Cage Free Labeling on Consumers Sustainability Consciousness. Answer: Introduction Cage Free Labelling With the increasing need to protect animals and the welfare of the same, egg manufacturers are now labelling their eggs based on how the hen producing the same are treated. The commonly seen labels are the cage-free, certified organic, pasture-raised, free-range etc. Cage free labelling in particular refer to poultry that is bred in a bran or an aviary but are not allowed outside (Parker, 2015). This labelling helps the customer understand how the hen have been treated. The initiative has originally begun to allow hen to engage in their natural behavior rather than to be forced to produce under commercial circumstances. Actions such as starving the hen to change laying cycle, cutting of the beaks of hens and killing male poultry due to their inability to reproduce have led to a situation where the commercial producers are now abided by the law to follow certain animal welfare standards that vary from country to country (Jones, 2013). Cage free labelling there by refers to hen that ar e grown in a barn but are free to walk and engage in other natural behavior without being starved. Consumer Sustainability Consciousness The consumer is the ultimate reason for the various goods and services being produced. Pleasing the customers is the objective of any given company as the profits incurred are heavily dependent on the same. However, the world today has seen a dramatic change and a rising need to use products that are produced ethically, and in sustainable procedures (Pohjolainen, 2016). Customers today are conscious of their purchases due to the imbalance in the eco-system, the constant changes in the environment and the damage being made to local communities in exchange for raw materials. The era of industrialization proved to come up with its own set of difficulties and to eradicate the same, the concepts of fair trade, local-produce, organic produce etc., are being encouraged. The sense of owing person responsibility to the changes in the environment, the need to purchase ethical products and be a part of a revolutionary product is the driving force of customers today as they grow conscious of the results of their purchases (Sassatelli, 2015). The rise in organic food production is one of the best example for the same. This is the key for the various producers around the world to move to manufacture sustainable products. Consumer Sustainability Consciousness is a psychological behavior which enables the customer to be aware of their part in helping the world be a better place. Effects of Cage Free Labelling on Consumer Sustainability Consciousness The consumers today have become far more aware of each and every purchase they make. The fitness revolution is one of the reason for the same. Consumers are conscious of what they eat, the source of the food, the ingredients, chemicals used, fertilizers used and so on. The same is also encouraged due to the ongoing efforts of people being responsible for their role in a sustainable environment. This includes the products they purchase. Customers make sure that they purchase only those products that are close to their beliefs. A Muslim would not by a product that is not halal or a vegan would not buy a product that has any form of dairy in it. Label reading has hence become a common action when purchasing a product to ensure that they purchase the right kind. Labelling has hence become a key in helping customers pick a product. With the growing need for animal welfare, several activists had made sure that the poultry being grown is not harshly treated for the purpose of commercial gain. Cage free labels thereby ensure a customer that the source of the eggs have been allowed to breed in their natural habitat. They are not forced to reproduce but are left to reproduce as per their own laying cycles. Hence when a customer picks an egg with the cage-free label on the same, the consumer is ensured on the way the producers of the same are being treated. Research Research Related to Cage Free Labelling With all the variety of labels being used today it actually gets pretty confusing for the customer to understand their significance. A detailed analysis of why the cage free eggs are to be purchased is presented in several articles to help consumers purchase the right products (Matthews, 2015). An article from Vox media lists out why cage free eggs have to be used and the general comparison between these and the regular eggs. The FDA itself has taken a keen interest in making sure that the labelling of cage-free eggs is done in accordance to pre-defined norms to notify the customer of the purchase. Another article published by the business insider has listed out the difference between the various kinds of labelling and the understanding of each of this labelling. The awareness today is being spread responsibly by both the media and the producers themselves. There is also significant research done to understand if there is any nutritional benefits of consuming cage free eggs. The answ er is debatable as some claim that the cage-free eggs have no nutritional value in regards to fatty acid, cholesterol, and vitamin A and E composition (Anderson et al., 2011). While there are other reports that claim the contrary (Joanna, 2003). Research Related to Consumer Sustainability Consciousness This concept is gaining rapid importance as the consumers inclination towards sustainable products is constantly growing. A famous article called cannibals with forks may the beginning for research in this topic tapping the humane part of the brain of consumers. This concept in general is believed to be a five dimensional construct of Sense of Retribution, Access to Information, Labelling and Peer Pressure, Health Issues and Crisis Scenario. This is commonly integrated with the triple bottom line perspective of services (de, 2015). Research has also been made to understanding the economic dimensions that would be influenced by consumers sustainable consumption (Balderjahn et al., 2013). Research Done in Understanding the Effects of Cage Free Labelling on Consumer Sustainability Consciousness There is a significant interest in the recent years to understand if how labelling effects the purchase pattern of a consumer. A paper published in Journal of Food Distribution Research had tried to analyze Consumer Responses to Multiple and Superfluous Label especially in the Case of Eggs (Yan, 2016). Surveys have been conducted to understand if labelling indeed have any effects of the purchasing patterns of customers. There is also research being done if the consumers prefer the labelling and if they actually prefer cage free eggs. However, the activity in these area is low currently. The Gap There is a tremendous gap in understanding if the labelling and the cage-free treatment of hens actually effect the consciousness of a consumer. Egg is not only consumed as whole, it is usually consumed through several other food products such as mayonnaise and bakery items. How this influences the conscious of the consumers is unknown. There is little or no research made in these lines. This is again due to the new labelling system which had been in place just a few months before. However, there is significant interest in understating this gap and help consumers use goods of their choice, and help organizations increase their sales by producing the right products Conclusion The increasing need to use products that are ethically manufactured amongst customers due to sustainability consciousness has helped organizations move into sustainable products. The rise in the animal welfare and protection has also resulted in ensuring that food products especially those derived from animals are produced in their natural habitat rather than commercial conditions. This has led to concepts of cage free breeding of hen and the eggs procured being labelled to make customers aware of the same to ensure that the customers are provided with the right products. References Anderson, K.E., State, N.C., 7608, R. 27695 - and ken _anderson (2011) Comparison of fatty acid, cholesterol, and vitamin A and E composition in eggs from hens housed in conventional cage and range production facilities, Poultry Science, 90(7), pp. 16001608. doi: 10.3382/ps.2010-01289. Balderjahn, I., Buerke, A., Kirchgeorg, M., Peyer, M., Seegebarth, B. and Wiedmann, K.-P. (2013) Consciousness for sustainable consumption: Scale development and new insights in the economic dimension of consumers sustainability, Academy of Marketing Science Review, 3(4). doi: http//dx..org/10.1007/s13162-013-0057-6. Brodwin, E. (2013) 9 misleading food labels that probably dont mean what you think. Available at: https://www.businessinsider.in/9-misleading-food-labels-that-probably-dont-mean-what-you-think/articleshow/49141358.cms (Accessed: 26 August 2016). de Carvalho, B.L., de Ftima Salgueiro, M. and Rita, P. (2015) Consumer sustainability consciousness: A five dimensional construct, Ecological Indicators, 58, pp. 402410. doi: 10.1016/j.ecolind.2015.05.053.c Farm Animal Welfare: An assessment of Product Labelling Claims, industry quality assurance guidelines and thrid party certification standards (no date) Available at: https://www.fda.gov/ohrms/dockets/dockets/06p0394/06p-0394-cp00001-15-Tab-13-Farm-Animal-Welfare-01-vol1.pdf (Accessed: 26 August 2016). Joanna Lot (2003) Pasture-ized Poultry. Available at: https://news.psu.edu/story/140750/2003/05/01/research/pasture-ized-poultry (Accessed: 26 August 2016). Jones, D.R. and Anderson, K.E., 2013. Housing system and laying hen strain impacts on egg microbiology. Poultry science, 92(8), pp.2221-2225. Matthews, D. (2015) Cage-free, free range, organic: What all those egg labels really mean. Available at: https://www.vox.com/2015/12/25/10662742/egg-labels-cage-free (Accessed: 26 August 2016). Parker, C. and De Costa, J., 2015. Misleading the ethical consumer: The regulation of free-range egg labelling. Pohjolainen, P., Tapio, P., Vinnari, M., Jokinen, P. and Rsnen, P., 2016. Consumer consciousness on meat and the environmentExploring differences. Appetite, 101, pp.37-45. Sassatelli, R., 2015. Consumer Culture, Sustainability and a New Vision of Consumer Sovereignty. Sociologia Ruralis, 55(4), pp.483-496. Yan Heng, Hikaru Hanawa Peterson and Xianghong Li (2016) Consumer Responses to Multiple and Superfluous Labels, Journal of Food Distribution Research, 47(2), pp. 6282.

Bid for London fighting to be the hosting city for EURO 2012

Introduction UEFA is a football association that was established on 15 June 1954 in Basle, Switzerland. The association is charged with the responsibility of promoting football sport in the entire continent of Europe. The association was established with the sole purpose of fostering solidarity and promoting peace, given that the continent had just emerged from one of the deadliest World Wars.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Bid for London fighting to be the hosting city for EURO 2012 specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In the modern world, the association still has the same objective of fostering solidarity, even though other objectives have been incorporated into the association’s objectives, among them economic benefits. UEFA has been so crucial in stemming out discrimination based on race, ethnicity and class. In other words, each person feels safe and part of the game since the national anthem s of all participating states are played before the games (Coulter 2008, p. 17). In the global economic environment, sports happen to be another source of income for various states, organizations, companies and individuals. Some aspects are critical to the economic development of a state such as the time taken by the sport, the scale of the sport, the media aspects, tourism and the impacts of the sport to the host countries are important aspects to sport organizers. Such aspects are very important since they allow the organizers and participants to compute the profits and losses, as well as determine the effectiveness of the sport. As far as the UEFA games is concerned, urban facilities such as infrastructure would be put in place, including erection of landmark structures and renovation of urban facilities such as game parks and recreational facilities. Through the UEFA sport, the city of London would benefit in many ways since long-term goals regarding the development of the city would be put in place. Furthermore, the profile of the city would be boosted, as one of the successful cities to host important games. The most significant outcome is that the sport would boost the economic activities of the city since it would create job opportunities and would increase the number of those willing to invest. All these would uplift the living standards of British and other investors from abroad.Advertising Looking for critical writing on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Apart from boosting the general economy of the city, specific sectors such as the tourism sector would benefit largely. Since tourism is closely related to sports, the sector would reap maximally from the presence of fans across the world. Through the UEFA games, the city would achieve its long term, as well as short-term economic objectives (Campbell 2004, p. 14). Dedication and Roadmap Before the exact dates of the games, the government would ensure that competition sites and facilities would be ready. This would allow the organizing committee to experiment the pre-games programs. For those fans visiting to support their teams and fellow citizens, visas would be provided in time to avoid any further delay that would inconvenience travelers. The government of Britain would ensure that all programs are set in place to ensure that the sports are conducted in a peaceful manner (Fitzroy Hulbert 2005, p. 47). Executive Summary The government of Britain is suggesting to the UEFA management to host the 2012 UEFA games, which would last for appropriately one month. In case the proposal goes through, the government of Britain would have achieved some of its short-term objectives aimed at attaining the long-term goals of the city. On the other hand, the sports would boost the profile of London as a city known for its high quality hospitality services. Through the tournament, the government would augment its re lationship with other stakeholders in the hospitality and tourism industries. Even after the games, the city would follow up on some of the projects established prior to the event to fulfill its goals, both short and long term. Since London has hosted mega events before, it is believed that it has a capability to host the UEFA games successfully. Apart from its experience, London has a professional body of workforce in the tourism and hospitality sector, which would be needed most before, during and after the games. Regarding the political stability of the country, Britain is one of the established democracies in the world meaning that there is enough security and little threats from illegal groups such as Al-Qaeda.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Bid for London fighting to be the hosting city for EURO 2012 specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In fact, other factors such as stable economy of London, produ ctive cooperation among government agencies and availability of sponsorship would allow the city of London to host the UEFA games successfully. Sponsors would wish to continue supporting the city owing to previous events, which have always been successful. Therefore, with previous experience and achievements, each entity would be willing to play its role faithfully, including sponsors (Wheelen 2004, p. 31). Profile of London London is the biggest municipality in the entire Europe mainly because of its population size and the infrastructural development. Romanians founded the city and the name has been used since then. The city is governed by two bodies, one of them being the office of the mayor, which is charged with the responsibility of implementing policies and the London assembly, which is in charge of formulating policies in the city. London is an international city known for quality works of art, business, music, fashion, finance, press, specialized services and research and d evelopment. Apart from the above services, the city is also a global leader in terms of transport, tourism and education. The city can only be compared with New York economically meaning that it offers employment to a number of citizens. Some scholars view London as the center of cultural capital, owing to its diversity. In 2011, it is believed that it was the leading city in terms of tourism because many visitors were received, as compared to any other city in the world. One of the busiest airports in the world, the London Heart throw, is found in the city. London will be hosting Olympic Games in 2012, making it the only city to have hosted the tournament more than two times. This has an advantage to the people of Britain since they would benefit economically. As earlier stated, the administration of London is comprised of two tiers, including a citywide tier and local tier.Advertising Looking for critical writing on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The Greater London Authority (GLA) controls the citywide tier whereas the 33 minor authorities control the local tier. Additionally, the two authorities, including the mayor of London and the London assembly, further control the GLA. The GLA is managed at the city hall under the directorship of the mayor. London is known for its serene climate, characterized by temperate marine weather. This climate can be compared to that of southern Britain. Contrary to believe that London receives a lot of rain, the city receives little rain, as compared to other European cities such as Rome. During winter, the weather in the city is chilly, with frost that happens in the environs of the city from November to March. Snow is also reported to be taking place approximately four to five times a year, probably in December to February. The city has some of the largest parks in the continent located within the area of London. The most common parks include the royal park and the Hyde Park. Apart from par ks, there are also other recreational facilities such as the 320-hectare space located in North London. Some music concerts take place at the site, which has been categorized as a tourist attraction center. Going by the records at the Office for National Statistics, 67% of the citizens of London are white (59.5% British, 2.2% Irish and 8% other whites), 13.2% are South Asians, 6.2 Indians and 10.1 are blacks. Concerning religious affiliations, 58.2% are Christians, 15.8% pagans, 4.1% Hindu and 8.5% Islamic. Economically, London is relied upon by the UK since it generates approximately 20% of the GDP ($446 billion). London is one of the strategic places that global business takes place, rivaling New York. The city has a well-established tourist industry, with over 350,000 employees and an annual income of approximately $25 billion. In total, an approximated 14 million tourists visit London annually. Transport in the city is highly developed and is managed by the office of the city ma yor (Goldblatt 2002, p. 10) The city has a public transport network that is managed by the Transport for London agency. Achievements of London London has a good name as far as far sports and games are concerned. Generally, England is proud of its history concerning because it has one of the strongest leagues in the world that is, the Barclays Premier League, with strong teams such as Manchester United, Manchester City Arsenal and Chelsea. In fact, London itself boosts of some of the UEFA champions league giants such as Chelsea and Arsenal. Moreover, London has successfully hosted a number of internally recognized mega and hallmark events. Such events are known to generate income to the London authorities and can create awareness to the people of United Kingdom. It is factual that the city can host the 2012 UEFA games successfully. London is one of the safest cities in the world (Gimpel 2008, p. 47). The police force within this city is very responsive to any signal of distress. Its infrastructure is also well enhanced, as is discussed in the SWOT and PESTEL analysis below. SWOT Analysis of the City To give a clear analysis of this city as far as its suitability is concerned SWOT Analysis would be helpful. The strength of this city comes from various factors. As stated above, London has some of the infrastructure rated as the best in the world. The political environment of this country is strength of this city as a preferred city to host the event. Unlike other governments that have been hindrance to the development of sporting events in their countries, the country’s leadership has been supportive towards sports. It has ensured that the security needed for such an event is put in place. It has also given the moral support by encouraging the players to participate actively in various sports. It would be obvious therefore, that would support this tournament. The fact that football is the most attractive sporting event in this city, it would receive a mass ive support from the residents of this city and its environs (Grant 2002, p. 31). However, some weaknesses exist, which should be addressed by the officials of the city if it is to succeed in hosting this event. The first weakness is the expectation of the locals. Most of the citizens would expect to see their team win. As Bowdin (2006, p. 12) states, in some occasions, the supporters of England as a team would withdraw their support from the tournament should their team be defeated at earlier stages. Because they make the highest percentage of the target market for the sale of the tickets, their withdrawal from the tournament can lead to serious loss by the organizers of the event. The city has some opportunities that further put it into the best position of hosting this match. The closeness of this city to other cities like Manchester makes it easy for the football fields in these other cities available if there is need. The road network is also good and links this city to other c ities hence making it easy to share social amenities. Despite the above positivity, there are threats that this city has to overcome in order to manage the competition posed by other nations that are also strategizing to win this tournament. The first threat is the competition itself. There are various other European nations, which has put spirited fight in order to win the bid. Some of these countries are just as good as London itself in infrastructure or otherwise. Moreover, others have better bargaining power because they have never hosted this event, unlike London, and they are just as equal members of this tournament as London or any other European nation. A further analysis of this country, and specifically London’s suitability to host this event, can be done through PESTEL Analysis. PESTEL Analysis London can be given a detailed analysis through PESTEL analysis. This analysis would help give the attributes. These attributes would be very important in making the decisio n on which city would be most appropriate to host the tournament. The PESTEL analysis technique has been used in an effort to analyze some of these factors. The PESTEL model usually covers the political, economic, social, technological, legal and environmental factors that are likely to influence the decision-making processes while planning for an event some of these factors might result in various changes being made in the planning process (Peteraf 1993, p. 179). Political Factors This country has the most stable governments in the world. The leadership of this country has encouraged development in various fronts, especially the infrastructure. The government has also been supportive towards sporting events in the entire country. The government has put much effort in making sure that the country and London city in particular wins the bid for the EURO 2012 Cup tournament. The treasury has for instance set aside around $11 billion to cater for the preparation and renovation cost. The justice minister had made it clear that the government is also willing to step up the security measures to ensure that the event is carried out in a safe and secure environment. More security personnel will be deployed to the host city and more security equipment are being acquired for the purpose of the event. The renovation activities within the stadiums in London have already started and they will to be ready by the time of the event. The government has also made it clear that it would pay for extra promotion and advertisement activities in the local media (Haberberg 2001, p. 11). Economic Factors The world economy has been witnessing instability in the recent past. The United Kingdom is one of the countries that were heavily affected by the recent world economic recession. This has put a lot of pressure on the country’s national budget, especially due to the subsequent inflation. The inflation rates have been constantly rising across many nations. This has posed a challe nge to the country in its quest to host the event. The quoted figure of $11 billion is likely to go up owing to such inflation. The construction material has become expensive and the workers are likely to demand for an increase in their pay. Even with such inflation, the country has been experiencing some small margin growth and it is bound to succeed in making the event a great success (Wiiliamson 2004, p. 67). Social Factors This society highly values entertainment is a form of leisure. Football is one of the most popular sports in this country. The popularity of football has been growing at a very high rate across the globe especially among the young and middle aged population. Given that the world has very many young and middle age people, the event is likely to become a great success, as more people would be willing to go and watch the game in person (Menon 2010, p. 47). The society is also appreciates the rights of individuals and this makes it one of the best place to host su ch a tournament due to the variability of cultures of the attendants. The city is very cosmopolitan and it would accommodate individuals of any cultural practices. Technological Factors The emerging technologies have redefined the way things are done in various facets. London as a city has generally embraced technological advancements in almost every sector. This has been advantageous, as technology has made it to be among the best hosts of such an event. In the hospitality industry for instance, hotel bookings have been made easier and less expensive as they can be done online. Most of them have ultra-modern facilities like touch screen tables for security, high-speed internet connections and satellite dishes (Shone 2004, p. 8). All these have made service delivery effective, convenient and even entertaining. The security department has also employed the use of current technology in beefing up security in the country for the event. CCTV cameras, weapon detectors and the Robocop sty le glasses would all be used to screen people during security check ups. It is quite clear a high-speed railway is to be constructed across London and this will make the movement of football fanatics from one point of the city to the other easier and faster (Johnson 2008, p. 67). Environmental Factors London is in the country that experience the four different seasons that is; spring, autumn, winter and summer. It is therefore upon the management to make sure that the event lies on a season that will not be difficult for the players and funs to cope with (Porter 1980, p. 43). It might for instance be unwise if the event shall be scheduled for winter when it is too cold and the snow is falling. This would inconvenience the fun and players and it might not witness a higher turn out as expected. The event would best be scheduled in summer. The city is very clean and with well-maintained street lighting system. It is therefore easy to host a huge population in this city without any dang er to the participants (Mintzberg 1998, p. 34). Legal Factors Law and order is one of the most important aspects on the social welfare of a given society. Allen (2005, p. 45) explains that the community that lacks clearly stated laws and regulations cannot make it through successfully. On the legal front, laws have been enacted to enhance environmental conservation and minimize pollution activities. Transport firms are for instance being encouraged to use electric vehicles and avoid vehicles that use fuel in an effort to conserve the environment and minimize global warming. This implies that more electric buses and cars have to be purchased for transporting people within and across the towns and cities of England during the event. (Yeoman 2003, p. 32). The law is also very tough on those who breach the right of others either socially, economically or in whichever front. There are laws governing the sports and sporting events. Business Plan The United Kingdom is one of the developed countries. Majority of its population are well above the poverty line. This tournament is expected to generate a lot of income through the ticketing program. The tickers would be categorized as the very important (v.i.p.) group, the middle class and the common group. This categorization is important because it allows all the individuals concerned able to participate in the tournament without the fear of being locked out. To the poor, this groping and different charging of the tickets makes it possible to be part of this tournament. To the rich, it would be easy to attend the tournament physically while still maintaining their high class (Wyludda 2009, p. 51). Operational Plan This city has made proper arrangement that would make it easier to host this program. All the visitors are expected organize the way they would spend during this tournament. The visitors would therefore need to make an early booking of the hotels. They would also ensure that the participants have access to bett er facilities at the hosting country. The city management would ensure that there is improved security to the visitors. There would be a deliberate attempt to ensure that environmental concerns of the city is maintained, irrespective the population that would be present for the tournament (Tarlow 2002, 87). Conclusion Sports are some of the main events that bring people together. Football is one of the most popular events in the world that attracts millions of fans across the globe. As seen from the above discussion, football has undergone a great transformation over time. Originally played without any clear structure and just meant to entertain, there has been a great change in the way football is generally conducted. Technological changes have infiltrated football in various fronts. However, due to technology, the world has been turned into a global village. This has made football be known world over. Technology has also enhanced the way football is played. Currently, every countr y has its own national football team and various football clubs. Europe is one of the leading nations that have well developed football clubs with well-structured calendar on where and when the games will be played. UEFA Championships is one of the main football events in Europe. Euro 2012 has been considered as one of the mega football events in the history of European football. To host this tournament, a country should not only have the proper infrastructure, but also many other requirements like proper security, a well advanced hospitality industry, goodwill from the government and the citizens of the country among others. There are many nations in Europe that would be said to pass the above requirements. However, there are considerations that would make one country better poised to host this tournament than others would and this is the basis upon which one country will be selected over others. London stands out as the best destination for this tournament. There are various reaso ns that qualify this city as the best destination for the Euro 2012. This tournament requires proper infrastructure in order to manage the expected number of people expected to attend the tournament. London has ultra-modern roads that have the capacity to manage a large number of vehicles with no traffic jams. The airports are well fed with roads leading to various places within the city. The city is also well served by electric train, which has further enhanced the means of transport. Besides transport, the city has well developed communication system. From strong and relatively cheap mobile phone networks, to landlines, which are very stable, communication is easily enhanced. Both the landline and mobile phones allows individuals to make emergency phone calls, either in case of need for medical assistance or police attention, at no cost at all. The city has some of the best hospitals in this region, with staffs, which are well trained, and working for twenty-four hours in a day. T he police patrol the city all day, despite the fact that the city is rated as one of the safest in the world. Most of the public facilities have gadgets that are able to detect such items as bombs or other illegal arms that can pose danger. There is also tight security check-up at the country’s main airports, further reducing chances of illegal arms finding their way into the country. London is well connected to other cities within this country via various means. With football pitches like Wembley Stadium, Old Trafford, Emirates Stadium, St James’ Park, Stadium of Light, and City of Manchester Stadium among other main football fields, London city stands the best place to be the host of this tournament. Despite the threats posed by the al-Qaida and other terrorist groupings around the world, this city has the best chance to host this tournament success List of References Allen, J 2005, Festival and Special Event Management, Brisbane, Wiley. Bowdin, G 2006, Events Manage ment, Oxford, Butterworth-Heinemann. Campbell, D 2004, Business strategy: An Introduction, Oxford, Butterworth-Heinmann. Coulter, M 2008, Strategic Management in action, New Jersey, Pearson Prentice Hall. Fitzroy, P Hulbert, J 2005, Strategic Management, Creating Value in Turbulent Times, New York: Wiley. Gimpel, H 2008, Negotiation, auctions, and market engineering: international seminar, New York, Springer. Goldblatt, J 2002, Special Events – Global Event management in the 21st Century, New York, Wiley. Grant, R 2002, Contemporary Strategic Analysis, New York, Blackwell. Haberberg, A 2001, The Strategic Management of Organisations, Harlow, FTPrentice-Hall. Johnson, G 2008, Exploring Corporate Strategy, New Jersey, Prentice Hall. Menon, B 2010, â€Å"FIFA World Cup Marine Sports†, Publishing Division 3, Vol. 4, no. 2, pp 34-45. Mintzberg, H 1998, The Strategy Process, New Jersey, Prentice Hall. Peteraf, MA 1993, â€Å"The Cornerstone of Competitive Advantage: A Reso urce-Based View†, Strategic Management Journal, Vol.14, no.1, pp 179-191. Porter, ME 1980, Competitive Strategy: Techniques for Analyzing Industries and Competitors, The Free Press, London. Shone, A 2004, Successful Event Management, London, Continuum. Tarlow, P 2002, Event Risk Management and Safety, New York, Wiley. Wheelen, T 2004, Strategic Management and Business Policy, Harvard, Addison-Wesley. Wiiliamson, D 2004, Strategic Management and Business Analysis, Oxford, Butterworth-Heinemann. Wyludda, A 2009, The Impact of a Mega Sports Event for a Nation, Berlin, GRIN Verlag. Yeoman, I 2003, Festival and Events Management: An international arts and culture perspective, Amsterdam, Elsevier. This critical writing on Bid for London fighting to be the hosting city for EURO 2012 was written and submitted by user Aria L. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Biblical Perspectives of Worship Essays

Biblical Perspectives of Worship Essays Biblical Perspectives of Worship Essay Biblical Perspectives of Worship Essay Introduction Every religion in the world has each of its own worship service. Worship service is one of the most important principles in Christianity. In religious world the term worship is used for the reverent devotion, service, or honor paid to God, whether public or individual. A study of the words associated with worship shows that, while certain concepts like bowing the knee or obeisance are concerned with the human aspects the roots of Biblical worship are to be found, not in human emotions, but in the divinely established relationship of God to man. This paper is focus on worship and it theology from a Myanmar perspective. In this paper, I would like to discuss some of the following subheadings about worship: definition of worship, biblical perspective on worship, some theological aspects of Christian worship and the culture and Christians worship in Myanmar. 1. Definition of Worship The worship is derived from Anglo-Saxon weorthcipe, honor. In older English usage ‘worship’ can be rendered to men of excellence. Except in archaic forms or in extravagant speech, the word is nowadays use only in religious language. In the Bible God alone is supremely the object of worship and adoration. Worship is normal usage refers to the expression in corporate gatherings of adoration, praise and thanksgiving to God through Christ.1 While no one Hebrew term is an equivalent for worship, many Hebraic define the activity of worship in the OT. The verb abad means â€Å"serve,† the corresponding noun means â€Å"service adoration.† Histahawa is another verb in liturgical vocabulary that means â€Å"prostrate oneself†. The Hebrew terms that are used synonymously for the word worship are verbs that indicate some type of activity.2 The Geek word proskyneo is probably the term most closely related to the English word â€Å"worship.† This word depicts the posture of kissing the ground, a reverent act used mainly in reference to worship of a deity. The