Advertising review Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Promoting survey - Assignment Example This limited time instrument is hence used by organizations with the target of making better mindfulness among clients in the market fragments comparable to their items as well as administrations [1] (The University of Sydney, 2013). Coca-Cola is an incredibly famous drink organization set up in the year 1986 that has been working seriously on a worldwide setting. The organization is seen to execute its business exercises in past 200 nations at present. In addition, the organization is recorded to offer around 500 brands to its purchasers in the overall market. In its advertising strategies, the organization has been using different limited time procedures with the goal of playing out its different business exercises in a fruitful and serious way inside its wide-going business sector portions. In this regard, it has been seen that the organization utilizes broad commercial practices, particularly through the various media, for example, TV and web for growing better mindfulness among customers (The Coca-Cola Company, 2011). For example, in 2011, the organization utilized a compelling special procedure named ‘Share a Coke’ crusade with 150 distinctive famous first names of people imprinted on the jugs and jars alongside the brand name of the organization. The battle was propelled inside the refreshment market of Australia. The crusade was advanced through notices in TV and other web medium which included FaceBook just as sites (Digital Advance Limited, 2013). Taking the case of this commercial battle, the conversation from now on will mean to talk about the qualities just as shortcomings of the ‘Share a Coke’ crusade sorted out by Coca-Cola in its Australian market. Additionally, the conversation will likewise stress on techniques to be prescribed so as to improve the adequacy of the crusade. A Critical Review of the Campaign In Relation To Its Strengths and Weaknesses The ‘Share a Coke’ crusade was sorted out and executed i n the drink market of Australia in the year 2011 focusing on the youthful age purchasers. As per the crusade, the main names of 150 distinct people of Australia were to be imprinted on the containers just as jars of Coke. This thusly was relied upon to construct excitement among the youthful purchasers and accordingly help with acquiring the fundamental target of making better mindfulness among the clients about the items offered by Coca-Cola. In the short run, the crusade was likewise expected to improve the business volume and overall revenue of the organization in the Australian drink industry. Source: (YouTube, 2012) Strengths of the ‘Share a Coke’ Campaign The Coca-Cola Company is perceived to be one of the world’s driving ‘Fast Moving Consumer Goods’ (FMCG) organizations which have been a pioneer in executing a portion of the one of a kind however very compelling showcasing efforts. In like manner, the significant quality of its ‘Share a Coke’ crusade in Australia can be perceived as its objective to teenagers just as youthful grown-up buyers. Furthermore, in focusing on the adolescent, the organization concentrated on utilizing appealing various media, for example, the web based life through web and TV which are broadly utilized by this age and is additionally seen to be profoundly convincing for this specific gathering of customers. Besides, the organization with the help of this crusade was encouraged with the chance of offering its items benefiting a superior open mindfulness program. Earlier

The Secret of Ella and Micha Chapter 10

Ella I can recall the first occasion when I needed to kiss Micha as unmistakably as the day I discovered my mom dead. The multiple times were similarly as unnerving, however in two unique ways. Micha and I had been perched on the hood of his vehicle at our mystery spot concealed in the trees, gazing out at the lake. It was more diligently than damnation to return to the spot, however the view and quietness made it justified, despite all the trouble. It had hushed up among us for some time, which was ordinary with the exception of the envy blending inside me over Micha's most recent connect, Cassandra. I'd never felt along these lines and it confounded me. It wasn't care for the young lady was anything unique to Micha, yet he'd revealed to Ethan that she could be sweetheart material and it was pestering me. Micha's arms were tucked under his head and his eyes were closed as the daylight shot down on him. His shirt had ridden up and I could see his tattoo looking out. As I gazed at it the desire to run my fingers along it made me insane. â€Å"I don't care for Cassandra,† I suddenly faltered out, sitting up rapidly. Micha's eyebrows sewed as his eyes step by step opened against the daylight. â€Å"Huh?† â€Å"That Cassandra young lady you were discussing the other day,† I stated, gazing out at the water undulating in the delicate breeze. â€Å"I don't figure you should date her.† He ascended on his elbows. â€Å"Because you don't care for her?† â€Å"No†¦Ã¢â‚¬  I tucked strands of my reddish hair out of my eyes. â€Å"I simply don't need you to date her.† The breeze filled the quietness. Micha sat up and folded an arm over my shoulder. â€Å"Okay, I won't,† he said as though it was as straightforward as relaxing. I squeezed back a grin, not completely understanding why the damnation I was so upbeat. Micha lay down and drew me with him. I laid my head on his chest and tuned in to his heart pulsating, consistent as a stone, dissimilar to mine which was moving inside my chest. The more I remained in his arms, the more substance I became. I had a sense of security, such as nothing could hurt me, yet I was in finished forswearing that I was beginning to become hopelessly enamored with my closest companion. *** It's been seven days since the vehicle dashing occurrence and I've been hanging out in my room living on macintosh n' cheddar and Diet Dr. Pepper. Senior member despite everything hasn't headed home, however Lila did the morning after the race. She needed to remain, however I didn't need her to and I figure her father wasn't excessively enthusiastic about the thought either. It's been somewhat forlorn, however. I despite everything haven't tuned in to Micha's phone message, and the consistent glimmering on the screen torments me. I choose to enjoy a reprieve from the house today and accomplish something I've been significance to accomplish for some time. I need to draw my mom's grave since I won't generally be sufficiently close to visit it. It's been troubling me the whole eight months that I've been no more. I feel regretful in light of the fact that it was me who put her there and afterward I simply left her. I gather my sketch book and pencils from the cabinet of my night stand, slip on my shoes and shades, and head out the front entryway where I'm more averse to run into Micha. It's a warm day and the blue sky sparkles with daylight. I stroll up the walkway toward Cherry Hill and choose to make a very late stop at Grady's. I thump on the trailer entryway and Amy, the medical attendant, answers it wearing blue cleans. â€Å"Oh, hello Ella, I don't believe Grady's up for any guests today, sweetie.† â€Å"But he advised me to stop by,† I state idiotically. â€Å"I know it's somewhat later than I let him know and I'm sorry.† â€Å"He's not frantic at you, Ella,† she says compassionate. â€Å"I've recently got him snared on oxygen and he has a cough.† I shield my eyes from the sun and gaze up at her. â€Å"Is he okay?† She murmurs, inclining toward the door jamb. â€Å"He's simply having an unpleasant day today, however attempt in a couple of days, alright hun.† I gesture and withdraw the means as she closes the entryway. I gaze defenselessly at the back window which prompts Grady's room. He's wiped out and there's no other option for me. I have no influence over this. Micha was correct. I can't control everything. As repulsive pictures of my mother's passing blaze through my psyche, I run into the field and hurl. *** The town's burial ground is situated up on Cherry Hill, which by walking is a serious climb, however I appreciate the break from the truth of life. There is nobody up there †there scarcely ever is. I push through the entryway and arrange by a tree directly before my mother's gravestone. It's a little burial ground circumscribed by trees and the grass is secured with dry leaves. As I sketch the lines of the fence and the vines that loop it, I edge descending and draw the bend of her gravestone. I become lost in the developments, adding wings to its side, since she was generally so intrigued with flying. Half a month prior to her demise, my mom beseeched me to go on a stroll with her. I gave in despite the fact that I had plans that day. It was bright and the air possessed an aroma like cut grass. It felt like nothing could turn out badly. She needed to go to the extension so we strolled right across town to the lake. At the point when we showed up there, she hopped on the railing and spread her hands out to adjust as her long reddish hair fluttered in the breeze. â€Å"Mom, what are you doing?† I stated, going after the rear of her shirt to pull her down. She avoided down the railing out of my compass and gazed at the water underneath. â€Å"Ella May, I want to fly.† â€Å"Mom, stop it and get down,† I stated, not paying attention to her very from the outset. Be that as it may, when she turned her head and took a gander at me, I could recognize easily that she wasn't kidding. She truly accepted she could fly. I attempted to remain as made as could be expected under the circumstances. â€Å"Mom, it would be ideal if you get down. You're terrifying me.† She shook her head and her legs wobbled a bit. â€Å"It's alright nectar. I'll be fine. I can feel it in my body that I can fly.† I stepped toward her and my foot knock the control of the scaffold. The concrete scoured my toe crude and I could feel blood overflowing out, however I didn't look down at it. I was too reluctant to even think about taking my eyes off her. â€Å"Mom, you can't fly. Individuals can't fly.† â€Å"Then possibly I'm a bird,† she said truly. â€Å"Maybe I have wings and plumes and they can divert me and I can get one with the wind.† â€Å"You're not a bird!† I yelled and gone after her once more, however she jumped onto one of the pillars and snickered like it was a game. I pulled my fingers through my hair and steadied onto the railing. It was a far fall, one that would squash our bodies on sway, even in the water. I supported my hands on the shafts over my head. â€Å"Mom, in the event that you love me by any means, you'll get down.† She shook her head. â€Å"No, I'm going to fly today.† A truck moved up and halted on the center of the scaffold as I edged toward her. Ethan leaped out and didn't to such an extent as wince at the situation. â€Å"Hey, Mrs. Daniels. How's it going?† I expanded at him and murmured, â€Å"What are you doing?† He overlooked me. â€Å"You realize it's not so much safe out there.† My mother calculated her head to the side. â€Å"I think I'll be alright. My wings will convey me away.† I was embarrassed, yet Ethan didn't think twice. He laid his arms on the railing. â€Å"As much as that could be valid, imagine a scenario in which it's definitely not. At that point what? I mean is it extremely worth the risk?† I looked back at my mother and she seemed as though she was gauging the alternatives. She gazed at the dim water beneath her feet and afterward at the brilliant sky over her head. â€Å"Maybe I should consider it for a little bit.† Ethan gestured. â€Å"I feel that is most likely a decent idea.† She made a way over the shaft and planted her feet on the railing. Ethan helped her down and we got her into the rearward sitting arrangement of his truck. She nodded off in no time and I drooped my head back against the seat. â€Å"How did you do that?† I asked discreetly. â€Å"One of my companions was stumbling insane one night and I needed to convince him not to hop off the roof,† he clarified. â€Å"It was tied in with causing her to understand that there was more than one scenario.† I gestured and we remained calm for the remainder of the drive to my home. Ethan never brought it up to me, nor did he treat me distinctively and I was thankful for it. After a specialist's visit, it was resolved that my mom had begun to experience the ill effects of ‘Delusions of Grandeur,' which happens some of the time in bipolar patients. I at last force away from the drawing when it's almost dull. I assemble my sketchpad and pencils and head down the slope. Before the curve iron passage is Micha, sitting on the hood of his mother's vehicle, wearing pants, and a dark and red plaid shirt. His head is tipped down and wisps of his light hair spread his brow as he plays with his telephone. I stop a little ways off from him. â€Å"What are you doing here?† His eyes lift from his telephone. â€Å"I'm sitting tight for you.† â€Å"How did you realize I was here?† â€Å"I saw you leave with your sketchpad and head along these lines, so I came up to beware of you.† I step forward. â€Å"How long have you been sitting here?† He slides off the hood and takes care of his telephone. â€Å"For some time, yet I would not like to upset you. You looked too peaceful.† I press my lips together and gaze at him, needing to portray him like I used to. He would sit on my bed and it resembled he claimed my hand. â€Å"Look, about an evening or two ago, I think †â€Å" He walks over the grass toward me, moving so imprudently that there's no opportunity to respond as his finger covers my lips. â€Å"Just let it be for some time, okay?† Questionable of his accurate importance, I gesture in any case. He lets his finger tumble from my lips, trailing a line down my chest, at long last pulling endlessly at the base of my stomach. â€Å"You need a ride home?† His voice comes out battered. I look at the dark sky

eRepublik

eRepublik In Madrid we meet Alexis Bonte, the CEO and co-founder of eRepublik labs. ERepublik labs develops and distributes massively multiplayer online games (MMOG).Alexis shares some insights on his professional background and why he founded eRepublic. Furthermore, he describes the business model and uniqueness of the game and his plans for rolling out different mobile MMOGs in the future. Lastly, Alexis shares some advice for first time entrepreneurs.Interviewer: Hi. Today we are in Madrid with eRepublik. Alexis, who are you and what do you do?Alexis: My name is Alexis Bonte and I am the co-founder and CEO of eRepublik labs.Interviewer: What did you do before you started this company?Alexis: That is a complicated thing. I started my first company when I was 21, straight out of business school, it was called Tradeok.com. I tried to do eBay in Europe, but at the same time as OLX, this was 1998, it was a complete failure, didn’t work out. I actually raised some funds and all that, but it did n’t work out. I was very lucky because then a friend of mine was raising funds in Argentina for another company, and I told him South America is a bit risky and all that sort of stuff, I’ve an idea, let me come and see your investors, convince to contribute more money, and I’ll give you what I’ve got left of my company, then you’ll have an office in Europe as well. And he said, okay, let’s try and do that. So I had 500,000 left, so I took a flight to Argentina, convinced his investors to raise a million dollars instead of $800,000, I got 5% of his company. I lost my company, I lost everything, but I traded for some of his company, I didn’t go bust. And five years afterward the irony is that the European office of that company saved that company, and, then the company was bought and it was a huge exit. So that’s how I got started.And then I worked in Lastminute.com, which is a big travel company, I met a wonderful person called Brent Hoberman who asked me to help me o ut to basically found and start Lastminute.com. I was not the founder but I was part of the team in the beginning. And that was a crazy story for six year with the IPO, and then the company went down really badly, then we managed to rebuild it and we sold the company in 2005 for $1.1 billion to Sabre.Interviewer: When did you start with this gaming industry?Alexis: When I was 16 years old my friends used to make fun of me because I would write business plans about the games company I would have one day. So I would write down the games and all this stuff I wanted to do, at the time I think it was Formula One management game, something like that. So after Lastminute.com I did a bit of angel investing. My wife is Spanish, she wanted us to move to Spain, so I moved here. I started with new things in Romania and all that, and found some developers for different things. I’ve always liked a game that was called Civilization, which is a famous PC game, and I thought it would be great if w e could have Civilization on the PC but online, with everything on the internet, with user-generated content and all that, and I found somebody in Romania who was a programmer and he said that could be interesting as well. So we started like that. We didn’t know what we were doing really.Interviewer: How long did it take until the company kept growing a little bit faster.Alexis: For six months the company was just six people. I basically put the money for it to get it started and we built the product. I designed the game and that sort of stuff. After six months I was like, This is pretty good. It wasn’t really ready but we launched it anyway, and I remember it was in the beginnings of Twitter and I was one of the first people on Twitter â€" thanks to Loic le Meur who showed it to me â€" so I tweeted, hey, I’ve just released this social strategy game called eRepublic.com where you can be a real citizen in a real country. And I thought let’s see what happens. Within a week the re were 30,000 people playing from all over the world. That’s how we started. One month afterward we competed on the web, we presented in on the web, we won the special jury prize in the web and things just got started up.Interviewer: So was it more PR driven?Alexis: I think when you’re starting and when you’re an entrepreneur â€" I was lucky because at Lastminute.com I wasn’t the founder, so I didn’t have the gravitas that the founder had, but I did have the contacts, I did know a lot of people, so that gave me access to different influencers. Also I was very lucky when I moved to Madrid here to meet a wonderful man called Martin Varsavsky, who very kingly invited me to â€" he used to do an event called Menorca Tech Talk â€" and he invited me to that event and I went. So I showing the game to people who were influential. And then I got those people to retweet my tweet and start talking about the game, I got Julio  Alonso, who is a Spanish guy here who has the biggest blog s, to start playing the game so that people who like Julio  Alonso will also play. So it’s not PR, I would call it more social networking and then making that work. We didn’t get a lot of press in the beginning, almost no press, then when we started having millions of users and all that we got the press.Interviewer: So basically focus on the key influencers and then just having them disseminate the message?Alexis: Yeah.Interviewer: The business model of eRepublik, how does it work right now?Alexis: At the beginning it had no business model, because the game was free, we didn’t know how we were going to make, we thought we would do the advertising. But no, we wanted to first put it free to play. This was seven years ago. Actually the Germans were the ones who were doing this in the beginning. I think it was only game free to play, so we looked at what they were doing, and we decide to introduce a currency in the game that you could purchase. With that currency you could basical ly buy advantages in the game and all that, and that’s become our business.Interviewer: How many users do you have currently at eRepublik?Alexis: In the past seven years we’ve had five million user who’ve registered to play the game. And that’s the official number that we disclose, but it’s a smaller number of players that are actually active on a monthly basis, but we don’t disclose that number.Interviewer: By which channels do you acquire the customers or users today?Alexis: Today we only rely on organic, reality still. There was a time when we did some marketing campaigns like AdWords and all that, but those became quite expensive. So we stopped doing it and we put more viral elements to the game and all that. And that’s what we do. Also what we’ve realized is the organic traffic is usually a lot better than the acquired traffic.Interviewer: The conversion rates of signing upAlexis: The conversion rates, the second day return, the three day retention rate, the mar ketization is much much stronger. So we try and rely on organic as much as possible. But there were times when we were spending a lot of money on marketing.Interviewer: Can you give us some more insights on the KPIs you’re tracking and how they help you perform better?Alexis: One KPI we look at is if you’re looking at the marketing channel of course you look at the acquisition cost per registration or per install, if you’re talking about mobiles that’s the first thing you look at. We never never pay non-performance advertising, we never do that. Then what we do get is the percentage of people who complete what we called the on-boarding, the tutorial. So if you’re below 60% you’re in trouble, that means that is a warning you should change it. Then we look at the percentage of people who come back on the second day. So that’s what we call the second day retention. So clearly you want to be at 50%, not lower than 40%. And then we look at seven day retention and three day retention, and ideally you want to be around 20-25%. So 100 players that install or register in your game after a month if you have about 20-25 still playing. For core games, most core games are actually around 10, but if you’re below 10 you’re really in trouble. And then obviously monetization, how much revenue can you get? And that really depends on the game. A game like ours, eRepublik, monetizes quite late because it’s very hardcore. But mobile games will monetize in the first week, so it really depends on the game.Interviewer: Because you have the purchases of the app or in-app purchases that they monetize better?Alexis: Because you have in-app purchases and because on mobile the lifetime of a user will be shorter, it will be two months, three months, four months, six months if you’re very lucky. In games like iRepublik.com you can actually have a much longer lifetime, so we have an average lifetime of close to two years, which is very long by the way, it’s probably o ne of the longest in the industry.Interviewer: And in terms of the revenue model can you split this via desktop and mobile and how you’re earning money on both of these devices?Alexis: Right now for eRepublik it’s quite bizarre we did a web mobile version within the application of eRepublik, because eRepublik is a browser game, and what we’re seeing right now is that about 15-20% of our traffic is mobile, which is very low, it should be higher. It will be much higher when we do an app, but right now what we’ve decided to do â€" because eRepublik is such a complex game, it is a seven year old game, we’re adding things every month â€" is to do new games, so we are launching ‘Tactical Heroes’, that’s the next game we’re doing. We are self-launching on 26th of June in Spain, and we’ll have the global launch sometime in September. I’m very happy because we’ve had that first review today. Some journalist managed to find our self-launch in New Zealand, indeed he did a review of the unfinished game and we got 8/10 for a game that’s not finished yet. So we’re very excited about that. And then we’re doing another game called ‘Age of Lords’ which we will launch sometime next year.Interviewer: Can you tell us a little bit more about your future plans for these games, because as you said you’ve got one game now, you’re planning to release two further games. Can you tell us a little bit more about the strategy behind it, whether you’re expanding it into different kind of games segments or different platforms or geographic regions?Alexis: The game eRepublik is played all over the world, it’s very strong everywhere in the world, except in Asia. We actually decided to continue focusing on strategy games, because it’s working now and that’s what we love. But what we’ve decided to do is actually to pivot the company towards mobile games, because this is where all the growth is right now. In browser games they’re declining about 1 5-20% year on year, mobile games are boom! Also there is a lot more competition with mobile games, so you need to know what you’re doing. So this is the reason.Actually we have two game studios in the company. We have a game studio with about 35 people in Romania, and that game studio is divided into two game teams, one game team that covers eRepublik.com, and another game team that takes care of the new game ‘Age of Lords’. And we actually had to open a new studio here in Spain, which is where I live, to do ‘Tactical Heroes’. And we needed to have a mobile games team for that, and that was the hardest part to do, so we had to acquire a company. So we made a small acquisition of a company called ‘Alien Flow’ which had a team of people who were experienced in doing mobile games.And another thing we’ve done is we’ve spent almost a year just building the team up. Getting people from Gameloft and companies like that that really have experience. So we now have a very st rong team, about 27 people, here is Spain that allows us to compete here, to compete in games. It’s all about the team.Interviewer: How do you convert the users from eRepublik to the new games given that the hard fact that it’s a different kind of genre and different kind of platform that you use. And also in terms of marketing channels, it’s different way of acquiring customers for a mobile application as opposed to the desktop?Alexis: The one thing that we’ve in common is that it’s a strategy game, it’s multi-player, and it’s competitive gameplay. We know that we have players who like that, we have a database of five million core gamers who like those kinds of games that we can market to, because we regularly market to all these people. And so we’ll be able to cross-promote. But we know that when we cross-promotion from email to iPhone install it’s not usually the best one. So we’ve tested it now with our Indonesian community, because we’ve self-launched in I ndonesia, and that has given us I think about 200,000 players in Indonesia, and that’s given us a few thousand installs. So we know that from five millions users we should get a decent amount of installs which clearly won’t be sufficient.So what we’re doing, a very good thing, is to basically learn what marketing channels work on mobile, is it Facebook, test them. And even if it is with 50 Euros, 100 Euros, very little, start testing them, start having the matrix, start measuring everything. So we’ve been running campaigns in Indonesia for two months with 20 to 30 viewers a day, but we’re learning. And the other important thing is, if you can, try and get Apple to support you. Apple will never promise anything but you should definitely try.Interviewer: In terms of corporate strategy what do you need to do now in order to remain relevant and grow the business? What is the competitive advantage in the online gaming industry?Alexis: I would say probably now three or four year s eRepublic.com was at the forefront, and then we missed the boat, we missed the whole Facebook games boat, because we were so focused on eRepublik. It was growing, we were on the rocket ship, and we were just trying to keep the rocket ship going, and when you do that sometimes you miss opportunities. And I remember we actually knew about the whole Facebook program and all that from the moment they launched, and we were like we don’t have time for that. And we missed the whole Facebook thing. So we decided we don’t want to miss anymore. So from a strategic point of view what we’ve done is although what is easy for us is to keep investing in eRepublik and keep going along with that, we said of both the teams we have we are going to reduce the team that is focusing on the eRepublic.com, we’re going to do that acquisition, we need to be good at mobile, we need to understand mobile. And so that’s the big strategic decision that we’ve done. ERepublik.com was a profitable comp any for the past few years and we said now the train is leaving the station, it’s going fast, we we’re going to invest, it doesn’t matter, we don’t need to be profitable for one or two years, we have accumulated reserves, and we’re going to just invest to make sure that we get on the new rocket ship.Interviewer: This is a very good bridge for talking about the market development. As you said there seems to be some shift over the past few years from normal browser games to more social related games, using Facebook for virality, and now mobiles. Can you tell us a bit more of what you think the future will be in terms of gaming? Obviously desktop will not die but maybe the proportions will change or the type of games that are played on different devices will maybe change?Alexis: That’s a very good question. By the way, Facebook is a good platform, and I think there will still be social games being played on Facebook, there have been very good successes on Facebook recently, so that’s a really good platform and one that we’re looking at and talking to. Then basically the desktop games our team is doing very well, and I think this is the really really core games on PC. I would think e-sports is really happening on the PC. So the ones I will be more concerned about is the consoles, the consoles are struggling, even the new generation and consoles but the PC games I think will still be there.I think browser games are going to continue to decline. But two games that are in my opinion are still going to go well especially the tablets. I think phones and all that is going to be strong, but the tablets are going to be very strong. But the types of games have to be slightly different, the biggest difference is the time of the session, how much time you spend playing that game. For example on PC you could have a game that is designed to be played for hours and hours, same thing on the console, on the mobile phone it’s a few minutes, it’s what you call t he snack, the snack experience. On the tablet it’s between both.Interviewer: Because you’re coming from this core gaming industry and seeing Diablo III for example, it’s a core game which is distributed online and making quite a lot of revenue, have you ever thought about going into this kind of subscription based core games?Alexis: We don’t believe in subscription.Interviewer: Interesting. Why?Alexis: Free to play is much stronger, because free to play is more fair, you get to try the game for free and if you like it you pay. Subscription is the same thing they usually give you 15 days, but I just don’t believe in the subscription model. I think different games have different values for different people. I might use Diablo III five or six hours a day, and you might use it half an hour a day, why should we pay the same price?Interviewer: With Entrepreneurial Insights we always try to teach or give advice to first-time entrepreneurs. And I think you’ve learnt some quiet c ool lessons over the last 10 to 15 years being an entrepreneur. Maybe I can ask you to share one or two stories.Alexis: When they first start a company, the one thing I tell them is the first three years of your life as an entrepreneur are going to be hell. It’s going to be horrible. You’re going to learn tons, you’re going to think nothing goes right, it’s going to be very very tough, and don’t expect to have profits in the first three years. And people need to understand that. It’s not like people see this glamorous entrepreneur because people only write about successes and successful entrepreneurs. Very rarely do we speak about failure. And the first three years you’re just going to fail over and over and over and over. It’s how you fail, how quickly you fail, and then building up on those failures that eventually will make you reach success. But the most likely fact is that it is going to take like three years. So that’s the first.The second things is actually looking to the first thing. It’s about persistence. You have to be super damn persistent. I’ll tell you Lasminute.com, which was the first company I was part of where I wasn’t the founder, but I remember it was about selling flight tickets in the beginning. And if you’re going to sell flight tickets you need have a deal with the airlines, and the first deal they tried to get was with Alitalia, it took 35 phone calls for Alitalia to answer. And then we started selling Alitalia and Lastminute.com was then the biggest travel company here.More recently in our case we are moving to mobile. Although we are an established company in browser games, nobody knew us in mobile, and it is very hard to do well in mobile if Apple doesn’t look at you, doesn’t talk to you, Google doesn’t look at you, doesn’t talk to you. And I remember at the beginning six months ago I’ll go to conferences, and I know all those people because I’ve been an entrepreneur for a long time, and I knew nobody at Apple that could help. The people at Google I knew had nothing to do with the Google people. I was completely stuck. So I started asking friends, calling, it took me three months, three months of really finding out who the right people are. The people with who have the connections they don’t give you the connections. And now we’re in a situation where we are talking with these people, they’ve notice us, they know we’re serious, they’ve seen the game, they realize they’re getting a lot, but it’s months and months and months, and it’s not something I gave to the marketing people, it’s not the marketing people that make it happen, you’ve got to make it happen.Interviewer: Thank you very much Alexis.Alexis: You’re welcome. Thank you.

Chercher midi àquatorze heures

Expression: Chercher midi à   quatorze heures Pronunciation: [sher shay mi di a kah tor zeur] Meaning: to make something more complicated, make a mountain out of a molehill Literal translation:  to look for noon at two pm Register: normal Notes The French expression chercher midi à   quatorze heures is a quirky way of telling someone that s/he is making an issue more difficult than it needs to be—turning something simple into something complicated. You might use it to mean someone has lost perspective or has gotten so caught up in a project that s/he is overdoing it. The literal translation makes it seem more like youre trying to do something too late or to do something impossible, since of course at 2pm noon is long gone—but thats idiomatic language for you. Example   Ã‚  Ã‚  Cest dà ©jà   parfait, je te dis—pourquoi cherches-tu midi à   quatorze heures  ?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Its already perfect, Im telling you—why are you making it more complicated? Humorous variation: chercher midi à   douze heures - to look for noon at twelve oclock

Should I Earn an Advertising Degree

An advertising degree is a specialized academic degree awarded to students who have completed a college, university, or business school program with a focus on advertising. Types of Advertising Degrees There are four basic types of advertising degrees that can be earned from a college, university, or business school: Associates DegreeBachelors DegreeMasters DegreeDoctorate Degree Although it is not absolutely necessary to earn a degree in advertising to break into the field, many employers prefer applicants who have some college as well as experience in advertising, marketing, or a related field. An associates degree, which can be completed in two years, may be acceptable for some entry-level positions. Employers who are looking for advertising managers generally prefer applicants with a bachelors degree in advertising, marketing, or a related field. A bachelors degree program in advertising can usually be completed in four years. However, accelerated programs are available. Students who have already earned a bachelors degree can go on to earn a masters degree in advertising, which is recommended for advanced positions in the field. Most masters programs take two years of full-time study to complete. After a masters degree is earned, students can continue their education in a doctorate degree program in business or advertising. A doctorate degree is recommended for professionals who are interested in teaching at the university level. Choosing an Advertising Degree Program An advertising degree can be earned online or from a campus-based program. Some programs will focus exclusively on advertising while others emphasize advertising in addition to marketing or sales. When choosing an advertising program, it is important to look at a variety of different factors. First and foremost, you should choose an accredited school. Accreditation ensures the quality of the program and increases your chances of earning transferable credits and post-graduation employment. Other factors to consider include school/program reputation, class sizes, teaching methods (lectures, case studies, etc.), career placement data, retention rates, tuition costs, financial aid packages, and admissions requirements. It is important that you choose an advertising degree program that fits your academic needs. Think carefully about what type of job you want to get after graduation and then evaluate the schools ability to help you achieve your goal. What Can I Do With an Advertising Degree? Advertising professionals can be found in nearly every industry imaginable. Marketing and advertising is a huge part of sales and essential for most successful businesses. Both large and small organizations utilize advertising to launch, grow, and maintain their standing in the business world. As an advertising professional, you could work for one of these organizations. You may also find employment with advertising agencies and consulting firms. If you have an entrepreneurial spirit, you can join the many self-employed advertising professionals who either freelance or run their own business. Specific jobs that are common in the industry include: Copywriter - Copywriters are responsible for the catchy text in advertising. Their job is to write persuasively and convincingly so that customers are attracted to a particular product or service. Most copywriters work for ad agencies and print publications.Advertising Manager - Advertising managers oversee advertising strategy, sales materials, and other aspects of a marketing campaign. They are usually in charge of entire departments or groups of account executives.Advertising Account Executive - These advertising professionals act as a liaison between advertising agencies and their clients. They dont handle the creative side of the business—they focus solely on communication and customer service.Creative Director - Creative directors are experienced advertising professionals. They commonly work for advertising agencies. In addition to supervising copywriters, advertising executives, designers, and other members of the creative team, creative directors design and oversee adv ertising campaigns and deal directly with clients to make sure every need is met.

University of Washington Admissions Free Essays

The challenging family situation I would like to share with you is our move from Korea to the United States. In 1989, my life was changed when my family immigrated to a new country, hoping for a better future. My life in Korea was hopeless, because I was a failing student with not much interest in school. We will write a custom essay sample on University of Washington Admissions or any similar topic only for you Order Now I spent the majority of my time in Arcades, wasting my coins on video games. Rather than studying with my friends, as I had told my parents I would, I obsessed over the games. The only positive aspect to my life was my private computer programming lessons. Programming in Apple BASIC presented me with an opportunity to create my own world. One day, my parents told me that we were going to move to the United States of America, and I developed a strong feeling that my life soon would change forever. After spending eleven years in Korea, our family moved a totally different environment. This I knew would be my toughest challenge to date. As a fifth grader attending a new elementary school in a new country, I felt left out because of my inability to communicate. Some kids assumed that I did not understand them at all, so they made rude remarks about me. I understood them, maybe not completely, but I knew the intent of their messages. All that I had was my Apple II computer at which I just sat and programmed when I came home from school. At home, my parents pressured me to study all of the time, but I was frustrated and wanted to return to Korea. I wanted to go back and talk freely with my friends and play games with them. My parents often told me that they decided to move here because of the educational opportunities, yet I continued to rebel and refused to listen to what they said. Over time, my English improved. I moved on to regular sixth grade classes; some of which were challenging, but tolerable because of my teachers whom were willing to help. I always enjoyed class trips to the computer lab, where I would start programming on the computer. Other kids would start to gather around and treat me like a genius. Before long, I made more friends and found that I was enjoying school. Thoughts of going back to Korea faded, and my grades rose to a satisfactory level. This pleased my parents who now encouraged me to invite friends to dinner. When my friends came over, I became the translator between my parents and my friends. Since then, I often translate for my parents in any occasion where translation is needed. Talking to some adults was intimidating and sometimes embarrassing, but I felt mature and responsible. The rest of my school year went by very smoothly, and my self-confidence grew. Now I help other Korean people with language difficulties, helping them to understand English and American customs. Prior to my arrival to the United States, I thought everything would be nice and easy, but it did not turn out that way. Life was difficult, since I had to learn a new language, culture, and customs. One of the best things I learned was that my parents were right. This experience helped change me from a hopeless kid to a confident and responsible young adult. From this experience, I have learned that if one sets goals, works hard towards those goals, dedicates oneself to those goals, and takes advantage of opportunities presented, they can achieve anything. How to cite University of Washington Admissions, Essays

Effect of Cage Free Labeling on Consumers Sustainability Consciousness

Question: Discuss about theEffect of Cage Free Labeling on Consumers Sustainability Consciousness. Answer: Introduction Cage Free Labelling With the increasing need to protect animals and the welfare of the same, egg manufacturers are now labelling their eggs based on how the hen producing the same are treated. The commonly seen labels are the cage-free, certified organic, pasture-raised, free-range etc. Cage free labelling in particular refer to poultry that is bred in a bran or an aviary but are not allowed outside (Parker, 2015). This labelling helps the customer understand how the hen have been treated. The initiative has originally begun to allow hen to engage in their natural behavior rather than to be forced to produce under commercial circumstances. Actions such as starving the hen to change laying cycle, cutting of the beaks of hens and killing male poultry due to their inability to reproduce have led to a situation where the commercial producers are now abided by the law to follow certain animal welfare standards that vary from country to country (Jones, 2013). Cage free labelling there by refers to hen that ar e grown in a barn but are free to walk and engage in other natural behavior without being starved. Consumer Sustainability Consciousness The consumer is the ultimate reason for the various goods and services being produced. Pleasing the customers is the objective of any given company as the profits incurred are heavily dependent on the same. However, the world today has seen a dramatic change and a rising need to use products that are produced ethically, and in sustainable procedures (Pohjolainen, 2016). Customers today are conscious of their purchases due to the imbalance in the eco-system, the constant changes in the environment and the damage being made to local communities in exchange for raw materials. The era of industrialization proved to come up with its own set of difficulties and to eradicate the same, the concepts of fair trade, local-produce, organic produce etc., are being encouraged. The sense of owing person responsibility to the changes in the environment, the need to purchase ethical products and be a part of a revolutionary product is the driving force of customers today as they grow conscious of the results of their purchases (Sassatelli, 2015). The rise in organic food production is one of the best example for the same. This is the key for the various producers around the world to move to manufacture sustainable products. Consumer Sustainability Consciousness is a psychological behavior which enables the customer to be aware of their part in helping the world be a better place. Effects of Cage Free Labelling on Consumer Sustainability Consciousness The consumers today have become far more aware of each and every purchase they make. The fitness revolution is one of the reason for the same. Consumers are conscious of what they eat, the source of the food, the ingredients, chemicals used, fertilizers used and so on. The same is also encouraged due to the ongoing efforts of people being responsible for their role in a sustainable environment. This includes the products they purchase. Customers make sure that they purchase only those products that are close to their beliefs. A Muslim would not by a product that is not halal or a vegan would not buy a product that has any form of dairy in it. Label reading has hence become a common action when purchasing a product to ensure that they purchase the right kind. Labelling has hence become a key in helping customers pick a product. With the growing need for animal welfare, several activists had made sure that the poultry being grown is not harshly treated for the purpose of commercial gain. Cage free labels thereby ensure a customer that the source of the eggs have been allowed to breed in their natural habitat. They are not forced to reproduce but are left to reproduce as per their own laying cycles. Hence when a customer picks an egg with the cage-free label on the same, the consumer is ensured on the way the producers of the same are being treated. Research Research Related to Cage Free Labelling With all the variety of labels being used today it actually gets pretty confusing for the customer to understand their significance. A detailed analysis of why the cage free eggs are to be purchased is presented in several articles to help consumers purchase the right products (Matthews, 2015). An article from Vox media lists out why cage free eggs have to be used and the general comparison between these and the regular eggs. The FDA itself has taken a keen interest in making sure that the labelling of cage-free eggs is done in accordance to pre-defined norms to notify the customer of the purchase. Another article published by the business insider has listed out the difference between the various kinds of labelling and the understanding of each of this labelling. The awareness today is being spread responsibly by both the media and the producers themselves. There is also significant research done to understand if there is any nutritional benefits of consuming cage free eggs. The answ er is debatable as some claim that the cage-free eggs have no nutritional value in regards to fatty acid, cholesterol, and vitamin A and E composition (Anderson et al., 2011). While there are other reports that claim the contrary (Joanna, 2003). Research Related to Consumer Sustainability Consciousness This concept is gaining rapid importance as the consumers inclination towards sustainable products is constantly growing. A famous article called cannibals with forks may the beginning for research in this topic tapping the humane part of the brain of consumers. This concept in general is believed to be a five dimensional construct of Sense of Retribution, Access to Information, Labelling and Peer Pressure, Health Issues and Crisis Scenario. This is commonly integrated with the triple bottom line perspective of services (de, 2015). Research has also been made to understanding the economic dimensions that would be influenced by consumers sustainable consumption (Balderjahn et al., 2013). Research Done in Understanding the Effects of Cage Free Labelling on Consumer Sustainability Consciousness There is a significant interest in the recent years to understand if how labelling effects the purchase pattern of a consumer. A paper published in Journal of Food Distribution Research had tried to analyze Consumer Responses to Multiple and Superfluous Label especially in the Case of Eggs (Yan, 2016). Surveys have been conducted to understand if labelling indeed have any effects of the purchasing patterns of customers. There is also research being done if the consumers prefer the labelling and if they actually prefer cage free eggs. However, the activity in these area is low currently. The Gap There is a tremendous gap in understanding if the labelling and the cage-free treatment of hens actually effect the consciousness of a consumer. Egg is not only consumed as whole, it is usually consumed through several other food products such as mayonnaise and bakery items. How this influences the conscious of the consumers is unknown. There is little or no research made in these lines. This is again due to the new labelling system which had been in place just a few months before. However, there is significant interest in understating this gap and help consumers use goods of their choice, and help organizations increase their sales by producing the right products Conclusion The increasing need to use products that are ethically manufactured amongst customers due to sustainability consciousness has helped organizations move into sustainable products. The rise in the animal welfare and protection has also resulted in ensuring that food products especially those derived from animals are produced in their natural habitat rather than commercial conditions. This has led to concepts of cage free breeding of hen and the eggs procured being labelled to make customers aware of the same to ensure that the customers are provided with the right products. References Anderson, K.E., State, N.C., 7608, R. 27695 - and ken _anderson (2011) Comparison of fatty acid, cholesterol, and vitamin A and E composition in eggs from hens housed in conventional cage and range production facilities, Poultry Science, 90(7), pp. 16001608. doi: 10.3382/ps.2010-01289. Balderjahn, I., Buerke, A., Kirchgeorg, M., Peyer, M., Seegebarth, B. and Wiedmann, K.-P. (2013) Consciousness for sustainable consumption: Scale development and new insights in the economic dimension of consumers sustainability, Academy of Marketing Science Review, 3(4). doi: http//dx..org/10.1007/s13162-013-0057-6. Brodwin, E. (2013) 9 misleading food labels that probably dont mean what you think. Available at: https://www.businessinsider.in/9-misleading-food-labels-that-probably-dont-mean-what-you-think/articleshow/49141358.cms (Accessed: 26 August 2016). de Carvalho, B.L., de Ftima Salgueiro, M. and Rita, P. (2015) Consumer sustainability consciousness: A five dimensional construct, Ecological Indicators, 58, pp. 402410. doi: 10.1016/j.ecolind.2015.05.053.c Farm Animal Welfare: An assessment of Product Labelling Claims, industry quality assurance guidelines and thrid party certification standards (no date) Available at: https://www.fda.gov/ohrms/dockets/dockets/06p0394/06p-0394-cp00001-15-Tab-13-Farm-Animal-Welfare-01-vol1.pdf (Accessed: 26 August 2016). Joanna Lot (2003) Pasture-ized Poultry. Available at: https://news.psu.edu/story/140750/2003/05/01/research/pasture-ized-poultry (Accessed: 26 August 2016). Jones, D.R. and Anderson, K.E., 2013. Housing system and laying hen strain impacts on egg microbiology. Poultry science, 92(8), pp.2221-2225. Matthews, D. (2015) Cage-free, free range, organic: What all those egg labels really mean. Available at: https://www.vox.com/2015/12/25/10662742/egg-labels-cage-free (Accessed: 26 August 2016). Parker, C. and De Costa, J., 2015. Misleading the ethical consumer: The regulation of free-range egg labelling. Pohjolainen, P., Tapio, P., Vinnari, M., Jokinen, P. and Rsnen, P., 2016. Consumer consciousness on meat and the environmentExploring differences. Appetite, 101, pp.37-45. Sassatelli, R., 2015. Consumer Culture, Sustainability and a New Vision of Consumer Sovereignty. Sociologia Ruralis, 55(4), pp.483-496. Yan Heng, Hikaru Hanawa Peterson and Xianghong Li (2016) Consumer Responses to Multiple and Superfluous Labels, Journal of Food Distribution Research, 47(2), pp. 6282.

Bid for London fighting to be the hosting city for EURO 2012

Introduction UEFA is a football association that was established on 15 June 1954 in Basle, Switzerland. The association is charged with the responsibility of promoting football sport in the entire continent of Europe. The association was established with the sole purpose of fostering solidarity and promoting peace, given that the continent had just emerged from one of the deadliest World Wars.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Bid for London fighting to be the hosting city for EURO 2012 specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In the modern world, the association still has the same objective of fostering solidarity, even though other objectives have been incorporated into the association’s objectives, among them economic benefits. UEFA has been so crucial in stemming out discrimination based on race, ethnicity and class. In other words, each person feels safe and part of the game since the national anthem s of all participating states are played before the games (Coulter 2008, p. 17). In the global economic environment, sports happen to be another source of income for various states, organizations, companies and individuals. Some aspects are critical to the economic development of a state such as the time taken by the sport, the scale of the sport, the media aspects, tourism and the impacts of the sport to the host countries are important aspects to sport organizers. Such aspects are very important since they allow the organizers and participants to compute the profits and losses, as well as determine the effectiveness of the sport. As far as the UEFA games is concerned, urban facilities such as infrastructure would be put in place, including erection of landmark structures and renovation of urban facilities such as game parks and recreational facilities. Through the UEFA sport, the city of London would benefit in many ways since long-term goals regarding the development of the city would be put in place. Furthermore, the profile of the city would be boosted, as one of the successful cities to host important games. The most significant outcome is that the sport would boost the economic activities of the city since it would create job opportunities and would increase the number of those willing to invest. All these would uplift the living standards of British and other investors from abroad.Advertising Looking for critical writing on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Apart from boosting the general economy of the city, specific sectors such as the tourism sector would benefit largely. Since tourism is closely related to sports, the sector would reap maximally from the presence of fans across the world. Through the UEFA games, the city would achieve its long term, as well as short-term economic objectives (Campbell 2004, p. 14). Dedication and Roadmap Before the exact dates of the games, the government would ensure that competition sites and facilities would be ready. This would allow the organizing committee to experiment the pre-games programs. For those fans visiting to support their teams and fellow citizens, visas would be provided in time to avoid any further delay that would inconvenience travelers. The government of Britain would ensure that all programs are set in place to ensure that the sports are conducted in a peaceful manner (Fitzroy Hulbert 2005, p. 47). Executive Summary The government of Britain is suggesting to the UEFA management to host the 2012 UEFA games, which would last for appropriately one month. In case the proposal goes through, the government of Britain would have achieved some of its short-term objectives aimed at attaining the long-term goals of the city. On the other hand, the sports would boost the profile of London as a city known for its high quality hospitality services. Through the tournament, the government would augment its re lationship with other stakeholders in the hospitality and tourism industries. Even after the games, the city would follow up on some of the projects established prior to the event to fulfill its goals, both short and long term. Since London has hosted mega events before, it is believed that it has a capability to host the UEFA games successfully. Apart from its experience, London has a professional body of workforce in the tourism and hospitality sector, which would be needed most before, during and after the games. Regarding the political stability of the country, Britain is one of the established democracies in the world meaning that there is enough security and little threats from illegal groups such as Al-Qaeda.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Bid for London fighting to be the hosting city for EURO 2012 specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In fact, other factors such as stable economy of London, produ ctive cooperation among government agencies and availability of sponsorship would allow the city of London to host the UEFA games successfully. Sponsors would wish to continue supporting the city owing to previous events, which have always been successful. Therefore, with previous experience and achievements, each entity would be willing to play its role faithfully, including sponsors (Wheelen 2004, p. 31). Profile of London London is the biggest municipality in the entire Europe mainly because of its population size and the infrastructural development. Romanians founded the city and the name has been used since then. The city is governed by two bodies, one of them being the office of the mayor, which is charged with the responsibility of implementing policies and the London assembly, which is in charge of formulating policies in the city. London is an international city known for quality works of art, business, music, fashion, finance, press, specialized services and research and d evelopment. Apart from the above services, the city is also a global leader in terms of transport, tourism and education. The city can only be compared with New York economically meaning that it offers employment to a number of citizens. Some scholars view London as the center of cultural capital, owing to its diversity. In 2011, it is believed that it was the leading city in terms of tourism because many visitors were received, as compared to any other city in the world. One of the busiest airports in the world, the London Heart throw, is found in the city. London will be hosting Olympic Games in 2012, making it the only city to have hosted the tournament more than two times. This has an advantage to the people of Britain since they would benefit economically. As earlier stated, the administration of London is comprised of two tiers, including a citywide tier and local tier.Advertising Looking for critical writing on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The Greater London Authority (GLA) controls the citywide tier whereas the 33 minor authorities control the local tier. Additionally, the two authorities, including the mayor of London and the London assembly, further control the GLA. The GLA is managed at the city hall under the directorship of the mayor. London is known for its serene climate, characterized by temperate marine weather. This climate can be compared to that of southern Britain. Contrary to believe that London receives a lot of rain, the city receives little rain, as compared to other European cities such as Rome. During winter, the weather in the city is chilly, with frost that happens in the environs of the city from November to March. Snow is also reported to be taking place approximately four to five times a year, probably in December to February. The city has some of the largest parks in the continent located within the area of London. The most common parks include the royal park and the Hyde Park. Apart from par ks, there are also other recreational facilities such as the 320-hectare space located in North London. Some music concerts take place at the site, which has been categorized as a tourist attraction center. Going by the records at the Office for National Statistics, 67% of the citizens of London are white (59.5% British, 2.2% Irish and 8% other whites), 13.2% are South Asians, 6.2 Indians and 10.1 are blacks. Concerning religious affiliations, 58.2% are Christians, 15.8% pagans, 4.1% Hindu and 8.5% Islamic. Economically, London is relied upon by the UK since it generates approximately 20% of the GDP ($446 billion). London is one of the strategic places that global business takes place, rivaling New York. The city has a well-established tourist industry, with over 350,000 employees and an annual income of approximately $25 billion. In total, an approximated 14 million tourists visit London annually. Transport in the city is highly developed and is managed by the office of the city ma yor (Goldblatt 2002, p. 10) The city has a public transport network that is managed by the Transport for London agency. Achievements of London London has a good name as far as far sports and games are concerned. Generally, England is proud of its history concerning because it has one of the strongest leagues in the world that is, the Barclays Premier League, with strong teams such as Manchester United, Manchester City Arsenal and Chelsea. In fact, London itself boosts of some of the UEFA champions league giants such as Chelsea and Arsenal. Moreover, London has successfully hosted a number of internally recognized mega and hallmark events. Such events are known to generate income to the London authorities and can create awareness to the people of United Kingdom. It is factual that the city can host the 2012 UEFA games successfully. London is one of the safest cities in the world (Gimpel 2008, p. 47). The police force within this city is very responsive to any signal of distress. Its infrastructure is also well enhanced, as is discussed in the SWOT and PESTEL analysis below. SWOT Analysis of the City To give a clear analysis of this city as far as its suitability is concerned SWOT Analysis would be helpful. The strength of this city comes from various factors. As stated above, London has some of the infrastructure rated as the best in the world. The political environment of this country is strength of this city as a preferred city to host the event. Unlike other governments that have been hindrance to the development of sporting events in their countries, the country’s leadership has been supportive towards sports. It has ensured that the security needed for such an event is put in place. It has also given the moral support by encouraging the players to participate actively in various sports. It would be obvious therefore, that would support this tournament. The fact that football is the most attractive sporting event in this city, it would receive a mass ive support from the residents of this city and its environs (Grant 2002, p. 31). However, some weaknesses exist, which should be addressed by the officials of the city if it is to succeed in hosting this event. The first weakness is the expectation of the locals. Most of the citizens would expect to see their team win. As Bowdin (2006, p. 12) states, in some occasions, the supporters of England as a team would withdraw their support from the tournament should their team be defeated at earlier stages. Because they make the highest percentage of the target market for the sale of the tickets, their withdrawal from the tournament can lead to serious loss by the organizers of the event. The city has some opportunities that further put it into the best position of hosting this match. The closeness of this city to other cities like Manchester makes it easy for the football fields in these other cities available if there is need. The road network is also good and links this city to other c ities hence making it easy to share social amenities. Despite the above positivity, there are threats that this city has to overcome in order to manage the competition posed by other nations that are also strategizing to win this tournament. The first threat is the competition itself. There are various other European nations, which has put spirited fight in order to win the bid. Some of these countries are just as good as London itself in infrastructure or otherwise. Moreover, others have better bargaining power because they have never hosted this event, unlike London, and they are just as equal members of this tournament as London or any other European nation. A further analysis of this country, and specifically London’s suitability to host this event, can be done through PESTEL Analysis. PESTEL Analysis London can be given a detailed analysis through PESTEL analysis. This analysis would help give the attributes. These attributes would be very important in making the decisio n on which city would be most appropriate to host the tournament. The PESTEL analysis technique has been used in an effort to analyze some of these factors. The PESTEL model usually covers the political, economic, social, technological, legal and environmental factors that are likely to influence the decision-making processes while planning for an event some of these factors might result in various changes being made in the planning process (Peteraf 1993, p. 179). Political Factors This country has the most stable governments in the world. The leadership of this country has encouraged development in various fronts, especially the infrastructure. The government has also been supportive towards sporting events in the entire country. The government has put much effort in making sure that the country and London city in particular wins the bid for the EURO 2012 Cup tournament. The treasury has for instance set aside around $11 billion to cater for the preparation and renovation cost. The justice minister had made it clear that the government is also willing to step up the security measures to ensure that the event is carried out in a safe and secure environment. More security personnel will be deployed to the host city and more security equipment are being acquired for the purpose of the event. The renovation activities within the stadiums in London have already started and they will to be ready by the time of the event. The government has also made it clear that it would pay for extra promotion and advertisement activities in the local media (Haberberg 2001, p. 11). Economic Factors The world economy has been witnessing instability in the recent past. The United Kingdom is one of the countries that were heavily affected by the recent world economic recession. This has put a lot of pressure on the country’s national budget, especially due to the subsequent inflation. The inflation rates have been constantly rising across many nations. This has posed a challe nge to the country in its quest to host the event. The quoted figure of $11 billion is likely to go up owing to such inflation. The construction material has become expensive and the workers are likely to demand for an increase in their pay. Even with such inflation, the country has been experiencing some small margin growth and it is bound to succeed in making the event a great success (Wiiliamson 2004, p. 67). Social Factors This society highly values entertainment is a form of leisure. Football is one of the most popular sports in this country. The popularity of football has been growing at a very high rate across the globe especially among the young and middle aged population. Given that the world has very many young and middle age people, the event is likely to become a great success, as more people would be willing to go and watch the game in person (Menon 2010, p. 47). The society is also appreciates the rights of individuals and this makes it one of the best place to host su ch a tournament due to the variability of cultures of the attendants. The city is very cosmopolitan and it would accommodate individuals of any cultural practices. Technological Factors The emerging technologies have redefined the way things are done in various facets. London as a city has generally embraced technological advancements in almost every sector. This has been advantageous, as technology has made it to be among the best hosts of such an event. In the hospitality industry for instance, hotel bookings have been made easier and less expensive as they can be done online. Most of them have ultra-modern facilities like touch screen tables for security, high-speed internet connections and satellite dishes (Shone 2004, p. 8). All these have made service delivery effective, convenient and even entertaining. The security department has also employed the use of current technology in beefing up security in the country for the event. CCTV cameras, weapon detectors and the Robocop sty le glasses would all be used to screen people during security check ups. It is quite clear a high-speed railway is to be constructed across London and this will make the movement of football fanatics from one point of the city to the other easier and faster (Johnson 2008, p. 67). Environmental Factors London is in the country that experience the four different seasons that is; spring, autumn, winter and summer. It is therefore upon the management to make sure that the event lies on a season that will not be difficult for the players and funs to cope with (Porter 1980, p. 43). It might for instance be unwise if the event shall be scheduled for winter when it is too cold and the snow is falling. This would inconvenience the fun and players and it might not witness a higher turn out as expected. The event would best be scheduled in summer. The city is very clean and with well-maintained street lighting system. It is therefore easy to host a huge population in this city without any dang er to the participants (Mintzberg 1998, p. 34). Legal Factors Law and order is one of the most important aspects on the social welfare of a given society. Allen (2005, p. 45) explains that the community that lacks clearly stated laws and regulations cannot make it through successfully. On the legal front, laws have been enacted to enhance environmental conservation and minimize pollution activities. Transport firms are for instance being encouraged to use electric vehicles and avoid vehicles that use fuel in an effort to conserve the environment and minimize global warming. This implies that more electric buses and cars have to be purchased for transporting people within and across the towns and cities of England during the event. (Yeoman 2003, p. 32). The law is also very tough on those who breach the right of others either socially, economically or in whichever front. There are laws governing the sports and sporting events. Business Plan The United Kingdom is one of the developed countries. Majority of its population are well above the poverty line. This tournament is expected to generate a lot of income through the ticketing program. The tickers would be categorized as the very important (v.i.p.) group, the middle class and the common group. This categorization is important because it allows all the individuals concerned able to participate in the tournament without the fear of being locked out. To the poor, this groping and different charging of the tickets makes it possible to be part of this tournament. To the rich, it would be easy to attend the tournament physically while still maintaining their high class (Wyludda 2009, p. 51). Operational Plan This city has made proper arrangement that would make it easier to host this program. All the visitors are expected organize the way they would spend during this tournament. The visitors would therefore need to make an early booking of the hotels. They would also ensure that the participants have access to bett er facilities at the hosting country. The city management would ensure that there is improved security to the visitors. There would be a deliberate attempt to ensure that environmental concerns of the city is maintained, irrespective the population that would be present for the tournament (Tarlow 2002, 87). Conclusion Sports are some of the main events that bring people together. Football is one of the most popular events in the world that attracts millions of fans across the globe. As seen from the above discussion, football has undergone a great transformation over time. Originally played without any clear structure and just meant to entertain, there has been a great change in the way football is generally conducted. Technological changes have infiltrated football in various fronts. However, due to technology, the world has been turned into a global village. This has made football be known world over. Technology has also enhanced the way football is played. Currently, every countr y has its own national football team and various football clubs. Europe is one of the leading nations that have well developed football clubs with well-structured calendar on where and when the games will be played. UEFA Championships is one of the main football events in Europe. Euro 2012 has been considered as one of the mega football events in the history of European football. To host this tournament, a country should not only have the proper infrastructure, but also many other requirements like proper security, a well advanced hospitality industry, goodwill from the government and the citizens of the country among others. There are many nations in Europe that would be said to pass the above requirements. However, there are considerations that would make one country better poised to host this tournament than others would and this is the basis upon which one country will be selected over others. London stands out as the best destination for this tournament. There are various reaso ns that qualify this city as the best destination for the Euro 2012. This tournament requires proper infrastructure in order to manage the expected number of people expected to attend the tournament. London has ultra-modern roads that have the capacity to manage a large number of vehicles with no traffic jams. The airports are well fed with roads leading to various places within the city. The city is also well served by electric train, which has further enhanced the means of transport. Besides transport, the city has well developed communication system. From strong and relatively cheap mobile phone networks, to landlines, which are very stable, communication is easily enhanced. Both the landline and mobile phones allows individuals to make emergency phone calls, either in case of need for medical assistance or police attention, at no cost at all. The city has some of the best hospitals in this region, with staffs, which are well trained, and working for twenty-four hours in a day. T he police patrol the city all day, despite the fact that the city is rated as one of the safest in the world. Most of the public facilities have gadgets that are able to detect such items as bombs or other illegal arms that can pose danger. There is also tight security check-up at the country’s main airports, further reducing chances of illegal arms finding their way into the country. London is well connected to other cities within this country via various means. With football pitches like Wembley Stadium, Old Trafford, Emirates Stadium, St James’ Park, Stadium of Light, and City of Manchester Stadium among other main football fields, London city stands the best place to be the host of this tournament. Despite the threats posed by the al-Qaida and other terrorist groupings around the world, this city has the best chance to host this tournament success List of References Allen, J 2005, Festival and Special Event Management, Brisbane, Wiley. Bowdin, G 2006, Events Manage ment, Oxford, Butterworth-Heinemann. Campbell, D 2004, Business strategy: An Introduction, Oxford, Butterworth-Heinmann. Coulter, M 2008, Strategic Management in action, New Jersey, Pearson Prentice Hall. Fitzroy, P Hulbert, J 2005, Strategic Management, Creating Value in Turbulent Times, New York: Wiley. Gimpel, H 2008, Negotiation, auctions, and market engineering: international seminar, New York, Springer. Goldblatt, J 2002, Special Events – Global Event management in the 21st Century, New York, Wiley. Grant, R 2002, Contemporary Strategic Analysis, New York, Blackwell. Haberberg, A 2001, The Strategic Management of Organisations, Harlow, FTPrentice-Hall. Johnson, G 2008, Exploring Corporate Strategy, New Jersey, Prentice Hall. Menon, B 2010, â€Å"FIFA World Cup Marine Sports†, Publishing Division 3, Vol. 4, no. 2, pp 34-45. Mintzberg, H 1998, The Strategy Process, New Jersey, Prentice Hall. Peteraf, MA 1993, â€Å"The Cornerstone of Competitive Advantage: A Reso urce-Based View†, Strategic Management Journal, Vol.14, no.1, pp 179-191. Porter, ME 1980, Competitive Strategy: Techniques for Analyzing Industries and Competitors, The Free Press, London. Shone, A 2004, Successful Event Management, London, Continuum. Tarlow, P 2002, Event Risk Management and Safety, New York, Wiley. Wheelen, T 2004, Strategic Management and Business Policy, Harvard, Addison-Wesley. Wiiliamson, D 2004, Strategic Management and Business Analysis, Oxford, Butterworth-Heinemann. Wyludda, A 2009, The Impact of a Mega Sports Event for a Nation, Berlin, GRIN Verlag. Yeoman, I 2003, Festival and Events Management: An international arts and culture perspective, Amsterdam, Elsevier. This critical writing on Bid for London fighting to be the hosting city for EURO 2012 was written and submitted by user Aria L. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Biblical Perspectives of Worship Essays

Biblical Perspectives of Worship Essays Biblical Perspectives of Worship Essay Biblical Perspectives of Worship Essay Introduction Every religion in the world has each of its own worship service. Worship service is one of the most important principles in Christianity. In religious world the term worship is used for the reverent devotion, service, or honor paid to God, whether public or individual. A study of the words associated with worship shows that, while certain concepts like bowing the knee or obeisance are concerned with the human aspects the roots of Biblical worship are to be found, not in human emotions, but in the divinely established relationship of God to man. This paper is focus on worship and it theology from a Myanmar perspective. In this paper, I would like to discuss some of the following subheadings about worship: definition of worship, biblical perspective on worship, some theological aspects of Christian worship and the culture and Christians worship in Myanmar. 1. Definition of Worship The worship is derived from Anglo-Saxon weorthcipe, honor. In older English usage ‘worship’ can be rendered to men of excellence. Except in archaic forms or in extravagant speech, the word is nowadays use only in religious language. In the Bible God alone is supremely the object of worship and adoration. Worship is normal usage refers to the expression in corporate gatherings of adoration, praise and thanksgiving to God through Christ.1 While no one Hebrew term is an equivalent for worship, many Hebraic define the activity of worship in the OT. The verb abad means â€Å"serve,† the corresponding noun means â€Å"service adoration.† Histahawa is another verb in liturgical vocabulary that means â€Å"prostrate oneself†. The Hebrew terms that are used synonymously for the word worship are verbs that indicate some type of activity.2 The Geek word proskyneo is probably the term most closely related to the English word â€Å"worship.† This word depicts the posture of kissing the ground, a reverent act used mainly in reference to worship of a deity. The

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Exposure to Media Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

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Project Report On Petroleum Industry Commerce Essay

Project Report On Petroleum Industry Commerce Essay The MBA programmed provides student with a fundamental knowledge of business and organizational functions and activities as well as an exposure to strategic thinking of management. As a part of the curriculum we have prepared a comprehensive project report on petroleum industry. The theoretical knowledge is used only when are apply in our practical study. This report contains a brief about the petroleum industry playing a vital role in the growth of Indian economy. The whole project was accomplished in very systematic manner starting from collection of information through visiting various websites, books, magazines etc and than analyses it in a proper and suitable way. This report aims to provide information regarding the current position of petroleum industry in India. Its growth, challenges and issues in highly competitive market by adopting liberalization and globalization polices which are affecting the Indian economy particularly in petroleum sector. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT We would like to thank all the people who have helped us for making this project possible. Firstly we would like to appreciate the tradition of our institute, J.H.P.C.M.T which encourages such activities. We would also like to thank Dr. M.R.Parekh director of J.H.PATEL COLLEGE OF MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY for providing help whenever required. We grateful acknowledgments the value guidance and useful suggestion offered by our faculty guide Miss Jenita Patel. Finally we also thankful all our friends to helped us directly and indirectly in our project. We have also devoted with our best possible effort to complete the project. Declaration We Thakkar Nikita, Makwana Snehal hereby declare that the COMPREHENSIVE PROJECT REPORT entitled Petroleum Industry in is a result of our own work and our indebtedness to other work publications, references, if any, have been duly acknowledged. Place: (Signature) Date: (Name of Student) EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The project titled as Petroleum Industry has been undertaken with an objective of analyzing the economic growth in the india market its role for the development of the country. It represents Indias energy needs and is the most valuable public as well as private enterprise. As a collective result of private sector and public sector refinery investments in the recentpast, India will become known by 2012 as Asias largest refined product exporter, surpassing Singapore. India will stay one of Asias two largest refined product exporters for the anticipated future. India is suddenly become a global petroleum producing center because of having increasing the depth of product flows and strengthening supply chains especially clean transport fuels and for high-end industrial product. It also have far-reaching implications for regional product markets. The business of Indias large scale export oriented refining sector marks the increase of rate of a basic shift in the design of global refining in which growing economies increasingly look to production hubs in Asia and the Middle East to supply incremental refined product demand. Growth and Evolution of Petroleum Industry in India The petroleum industry is include the global processes of extraction, exploration, refining, transporting (often by pipelines and oil tankers), and marketing petroleum products. The largest volume products of the industry are gasoline (petrol) and fuel oil. Petroleum (oil) is also the raw material for many chemical products, including solvents, pharmaceuticals, pesticides, fertilizers, and plastics. The origin of the Indian oil gas industry can be traced back to the late 19th century, when oil was first struck at Digboi in Assam in 1889.In view of the significance of the gas oil sector for overall economic growth, the Government of India announced in1954 that petroleum would be the core sector industry. 1954, petroleum exploration production activity was controlled by the government-owned National Oil Companies (NOCs), namely Oil India Private Ltd (OIL) and Oil Natural Gas Corporation (ONGC).Indias refining capacity has more than trebled in the last 13 years. Reliance Industry is the first refinery industry in Jamnagar in 1999, India has an installed capacity of around 193.5 million tpa in April, 2011. The growth is likely to continue with refining capacities expected to touch 255 million tpa by 2012-13 and 302 million tpa by 2017-18, with a slew of projects announced by both the private and public sector. Today, private sector accounts for 76.5 million tpa (around 39.5 per cent) and public sector oil companies account for close to 117 million tpa (around 60.5 per cent). There has been a healthy growth in Indias petroleum refining capacity in the last five years, is as described by the given table below:- Domestic crude oil production [million tpa] 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 (Provisional) Total consumption 113.2 120.7 128.9 133.6 138.2 Products from indigenous crude 26.6 28.4 28.2 27.0 27.2 Indigenous crude processing 28.3 30.2 30.0 28.8 28.9 Products from fractionators 4.2 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.4 Total indigenous production 30.8 32.4 32.3 31.2 31.6 Import dependence (%) 72.8 73.2 75.0 76.7 77.2 Self-sufficiency (%) 27.2 27.0 25.0 23.3 22.8 The capacity utilization of Indian refiners for the last few years is described in the table. Indian refiners have also operated at higher operating rates or capacity utilization compared to their regional/global peers implying efficiency in operations. But, import of Indias refining industry is growing, as the domestic crude oil production is stable at around 30 million tpa for the last few years. Generally, GDP growth rates and petroleum product consumption are linked. But, in our case, factors like availability of better roads, more fuel efficient vehicles, improvements in mass urban transport modes and increased availability of natural gas for industrial sector contributed to more moderate growth in recent times. Indian refineries are clocking higher Gross Refining Margins compared to regional benchmarks a clear sign for competitiveness in refining operations. If all the planned projects materialize, India will have an exportable surplus petroleum product of around 100 million tpa by 2012 and 140 million. Product profile This section provides a brief description of the technology and production process. An understanding of these issues is critical as it helps understand industry structure. Crude oil is a liquid mixture of hydrocarbons chemical compounds consisting roughly of six parts of carbon and one of hydrogen, both of which are fuels; it generally also carries small quantities of salts sulphur, oxygen, metals and nitrogen. The principal products obtained from the crude oil are:- Petrol:- Petrol is used to fuel internal combustion engines, mainly vehicular. It is early use as a killer of lice and their eggs has completely disappeared. Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG):- LPG is mostly a combination of propane and butane. It is heavier than air, and liquefies under pressure. It is used as a household cooking fuel, vehicular fuel and refrigerant; 4 million vehicles are estimated to be powered by LPG in the world. Kerosene:- Kerosene is also known as paraffin, is used as an illuminant and cooking fuel in India and other poor countries, and as a space heating fuel in industrial countries. Jet fuel:- It is used in jet planes, is closely akin to kerosene. Naphtha:- Naphtha is used to make additives for high-octane petrol, and to make polymeric plastics and urea, a nitrogenous fertilizer. Lubricating oil:- It is consists of greases and viscous oils used to lubricate moving parts in automobiles, industry, railway engines and carriages and marine engines. Petroleum coke:- It is mostly used as fuel, but is also used to make dry cell batteries and electrodes. High-speed diesel oil:- It is used in engines running at 750 revolutions per minute (rpm) or more. It is mostly used in diesel-powered vehicles. Light diesel:- It is used in the diesel engines running at lower speed mainly irrigation pumps and generation sets. Furnace oil:- It is made by diluting residual fuel oil from refining with middle distillates such as diesel oil. It is used in bunkers, boilers, furnaces, heaters, or as fertilizer feedstock. Demand determination of the Industry Petroleum industry in the country has undergone major transformation in the past several years. The country is now net exporter of petroleum products. Globalization of Indian economy along with high international oil prices which are a pass-through in the bulk sector has induced improvement in energy efficiency and shift of demand from liquid to natural gas (LNG). Further, improvement in road infrastructure and better vehicles has had a sobering effect on the demand for road transportation fuels. Low demand in transport fuels like HSD and MS is also due to factors like expansion of city gas distribution networks i.e. CNG. Demand determination factors:- The Demand determination factors are based on mainly two approaches. Top-down Approach and Bottom-up Approach. Top-down Approach: Overall energy requirements with share of different fuels in the primary commercial energy basket by linking GDP with energy elasticity. Bottom-up Approach: End use approach considering the impact of different parameters. While assessing the requirements factors like impact of Metro rail, CNG expansion, impact of high oil prices, conservation/efficiency improvement issues, aviation policy of the Government, Railways freight policy, growth of passenger and cargo traffic, fleet expansion plan of airlines, National Highways Authority of India (NHAI) road construction projects, construction of freight corridor, electrification plans of railway tracks vehicle population growth, impact of gas, technological improvements in engine designs, improved fuel efficiency, impact of auto LPG etc. have been measured. The demand of gas is continues to be influenced by the cost economics vis-à  -vis alternative fuels pertaining to each of the end use sectors in India. The power and fertilizer is also the dynamics of these sectors. Currently the consumption of natural gas is shared by the fertilizer and power sector to the tune of 29% and 40% respectively. The power sector is one of the continuous major consumer of natural gas. There has set target of 70,000 generation s forecasted by he ministry of power for the next 5 year period ending 2012. The industry like Petrochemicals/Refineries and Internal Consumption sectors are estimates that the annual economic growth rate of about 7%. Similarly, the iron/steel sector is also estimates same rate for economic growth. Currently the demand for petroleum product is 131.8 MMT in 2011-12 which will increased by 160.2 in 2016-17. The demand for petroleum product is also depend on the availability of the different products like petrol diesel kerosene naphtha etc. Their prices are the main factor of determining demand of these products. The petroleum refineries must considered the price parity and export parity which considered the change in price of petroleum products which depend on the past experience. Players in the Industry The various competitors are available in the petroleum industry which including the government and private sector. most of the petroleum companies are huge operations and with billion dollar balance sheet. The oil and gas production and distribution is dominated by government owned companies which are heavily regulated excepting for Reliance Industries. After liberalizing the operations of the companies like Indian Oil Corporation Ltd (IOCL), Hindustan Petroleum Corp. Ltd (HPCL) and Bharat Petroleum Corp. Ltd (BPCL) run billions of   dollars in losses as they are forced to sell petroleum products at below their cost. The polices of government are mostly informal compensating these companies through money transfers and bonds. some government companies like OIL India, ONGC and GAIL which operates in the production and have to bear less of the subsidy burden have grown and performed very well. In the private sector companies like Aban Great Offshore, Essar and Reliance have managed to grow rapidly as well with changeable degrees of success. Here is the list of the major petroleum Companies in India:- Indian Oil Corporation Ltd (IOCL):- The IOCL covers the whole hydrocarbon value chain from, pipeline transportation, marketing of petroleum products to exploration production of crude oil gas, marketing of natural gas, petrochemicals and refining. The sales turn over of Indian oil was Rs 271,074 corer and profits of Rs. 10,221 corer in 2009-10. Indian oils cross-country network of crude oil and product pipelines across 10,899 km and the largest in the country, meets the crucial energy needs of the consumers in an economical, environment and efficient manner. GAIL India:- GAIL (India) Limited, is Indias Natural Gas company, integrating all aspects of the Natural Gas value chain right from discovery to marketing. It emphasizes on clean fuel industrialization, creating a square of green energy corridors that connect major consumption centers with major gas fields in India. GAIL is growing its business to become a player in the International market. The companys revenue earned in 2009-10 was Rs 24,000 corer with net profit of 11%. It is a well managed fast growing company with high competitive barriers in India. Reliance  Industries:- It is Indias largest private petroleum company. The company achieving the remarkable growth in the last decade and is diversifying into Retail. In market top more than $30 billion it is Indias most valued company. It is also highly petroleum exporting company of India. The company is one of the largest oil refining and petrochemical complexes in the world at Jamnagar. Bharat Petroleum Corp. Ltd (BPCL):- it is the major distribution of petroleum, cooking gas and diesel in the Indian market. The companys revenue of Rs 36,000 corer and net profit of 0.5%. due to the government control The company suffer low margins and terrible stock price performance. Which forces the company to sell the product at below the cost? Even after the liberalization with increased global crude prices increasing the losses very much. The company produces a various range of products, from petrochemicals and solvents to aircraft fuel and specialty lubricants and markets them to several international and domestic airlines and hundreds of industries. Hindustan Petroleum Corp. Ltd (HPCL):- The company operates the largest refinery in the country producing Oils of international standards. This Refinery accounts for 40% of the Indias total Oil production. The company has two major refineries producing a large variety of petroleum fuels specialties. one in Mumbai and the other in Vishakhapatnam. Its huge marketing network consists of its zonal regional offices facilitated by a supply distribution infrastructure comprising terminals, aviation service stations, retail outlets, pipeline networks and LPG distributorships. The companys market share accounts for about 20% and 10% of the nations refining capacity. The company revenue earned was Rs 34,000 corer and net profit margin of 0.65% in 2010. ONGC Corporation:- The company ranks 3rd in petroleum Exploration Production industry. It produces 803 Million Metric Tones of crude and 485 Billion Cubic Meters of Natural Gas from 111 fields. It is the biggest multinational company with 40 oil and gas projects in 15 countries. The company earned Rs. 20,000 corer with net profit margin of 34% in 2010. NGC holds the largest share of hydrocarbon in India contributes over 79% of Indians oil and gas production. Distribution channel of the industry The petroleum distribution segment is rapidly adopting different kinds of supply chain solution. From crude oil selection to petroleum product distribution at the retail outlet it is chain with many links. The refining margins, the lead time associated with fundamental functions like product trading and crude buying unpredictability in oil prices make the entire process challenging. Implementation of these solution on a wide spread installations, however, is what the world is watching, as vast petroleum companies fight to chain the business. The petroleum industry has a vital need for both integration and implementation skills for taking the best value out of the differ distribution channel available. Underground, the gas station is quite modern. The tanks for super unleaded and for regular (the midgrade fuel) are larger than the normal tanks. Each tank is equipped with an electronic level check that conveys real time information about its status through a cable to the stations management system and then to the main inventory management system for the oil company whose products the gas station markets. The travels from the distribution channel push to demand pull is taking place in the section, where once the challenge was in getting the best deals on buying crude, the focus is shifting to give customer what he wants. The petroleum business is separated into refining and distribution segments. The focuses more on the distribution segment. There is a specific change to focus in the industry toward the distribution segment. The big oil companies have started monitoring the inventories of crude oil or any other petroleum products. The issues at the refining level are: which products to make in what quantity? Which crude to use? Which units to run? While the issues at the customer facing end or at the gas station are basic, namely run outs refines. The important functions within the distribution channel are optimization across alternative means of transportation, demand forecasting, replenishment method to avoid retains/run outs finally scheduling, which sequences the dispatch. Marketing and Distribution of Petroleum Products in India:- The public sector oil marketing companies (OMCs) which include Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Ltd. (HPCL), Indian Oil Corporation Ltd. (IOCL) and Bharat Petroleum Corporation Ltd. (BPCL) are primarily responsible for the marketing and distribution of petroleum products in India. With the opening of retail sector for the private players, Shell, Essar and Reliance Industries Ltd. (RIL) have also entered the retail marketing related to petroleum products. The marketing and distribution infrastructure in the petroleum sector include liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) distributorships, petrol/diesel stations, lubricants and greases outlets IOCL is the market leader in terms of marketing and distribution of petroleum products. Retail outlets in India:- The number of retail outlets (ROs) in India has increased from 31,650 in April 2006 to 40,819 in January 2011. IOCL has the widest network of ROs across India with 19,057 ROs as in January 2011. The number of LPG distributors in India has increased to 9,686 as in 2010 from 6,477 in 20011. Indias Navratna oil marketing companies Indian Oil, BPCL and HPCL- are set to report another quarter of heavy losses as they have failed to get compensation from the government for selling fuels below cost. The three oil marketing companies (OMCs) sell diesel, LPG for domestic use and kerosene through public distribution system at prices that are substantially below their costs, in accordance with the permission of their majority shareholder. In return, a small part of their losses is made good by discounts from upstream like ONGC and Oil India. The larger share of losses is made good by the government. During the June 12 quarter, the three oil marketers together had posted an unique net loss of .Rs40,536 corer as the dues from government did not arrive. The company is expecting most of the demand for Piped natural gas to come from domestic and commercial consumer sector. Limitation on subsidized LPG cylinders is expected to be a boon for its Piped natural gas business. Consumers might come forward to get a Piped natural gas connection as its rates would be economical compared to LPG cylinders. The running cost of Piped natural gas would be about 10 percent less than the cost of LPG. Piped natural gas is safer and more eco-friendly fuel for the user. As oil marketing companies move advance forcefully to decrease their distribution channels for LPG cylinders, the next few months will certainly prove trying for consumers. Currently, oil companies in India are going through a tough task of maintaining positive margins in a very unstable market of crude prices and increasing distribution cost. Oil companies also need to be prepared for active pricing scenarios for the coming future. Hence, the immediate need is to have a complete real time visibility of sales and inventory for perfect demand forecasts. Integration of different systems and different data to provide single consistent view and information to the oil company management thus forming a strong foundation for effective decision making. Key issues and current trends Issues in petroleum industries:- The global economy is a dynamic and ever-growing one in spite of the high cost of energy. This in turn is forging the demand for petrochemicals. The strong growth in demand is not backed by a sufficient supply so the cost is still to come down. Operating rates of major petrochemical product segments are very high presently. Problems faced by the India petrochemical industry:- The manufacturing units mostly use outdated format of technology and are not able to produce optimally There is a requirement for the modernization of equipments Excise duty on synthetic fiber should be rationalized Anticipation of reservation on Small Scale Units Plastic waste to be recycled and the littering habits to be discouraged India requires advantage on feedstock, so the import cost has to be brought down The industry should have access to the primary amenities of infrastructure One of the big issues is the difficulty in predicting the advance price, which will succeed in the market in the future months. Some indications are of course available with the futures prices prevailing in the exchanges. Some companies hedge their margins or crude prices by doing paper trading. The forward price is a vital input in the optimization process and can actually make the model for a particular product maximization based on its price. Current trends in petroleum industry Petroleum has proven to be the most flexible fuel source ever discovered, situated at the core of the modern industrial economy. While the industry is strong, it is subject to some very significant stresses:- à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Industry consolidation (24 mergers and acquisitions since 1997) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Global industrial expansion resulting in increased petroleum demand à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Tight supplies of economically extractable oil à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Political instability and terrorism à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ High per-barrel price that accelerates development of alternative energies à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Safety and the need to protect workers in hostile environments à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Speed required to establish a presence in new markets à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Need to spread infrastructure risk among competitors These stressors are causing oil companies to change the way they do business. From their cooperation with competitors to their massive investments in technology, from a renewed focus on safety and the environment to serious investigation of alternative fuels, these firms are reshaping the industry. How they manage these changes also influences how they view their real estate holdings and how they house the scientists and engineers who play a vital role in this transformation. The challenges oil and gas companies face are having a significant impact on how they view their real estate holdings and what kind of workplaces they provide their employees. These are important issues since many companies in this sector have vast real estate holdings. More and more these companies are managing these holdings from an enterprise-wide perspective, running their facilities like any other part of the business. They are realizing that facilities and furnishings can be a strategic tool for achieving the organizations business goals. That focus has several implications for the workplace. Petroleum includes all petroleum-based products, such as gasoline, oil, diesel fuel, kerosene, refined cleaners, and solvents. Organizations involved in upstream (exploring and extracting) and downstream activities (refining and marketing) for these petroleum products are among some of the most profitable companies in the world. Whether they are involved in upstream or downstream activities, whether they are public corporations or state-owned companies, players in the oil industry must operate within the context of significant issues and major trends that are shaping the long-term outlook for oil. Oil companies public corporations and state and non-state-owned enterprises are faced with increasing demand for petroleum products due to global industrial expansion. On the one hand, labors to get the conservative oil (produced from underground hydrocarbon reservoirs by means of production wells) have prompted oil companies to invest ever more heavily in technology and equipment. On the other, these firms have increased investments in producing unusual oil, including oil sands, shale oil, and extra heavy crude oil, some of which require additional processing to produce artificial crude. To spread the risk of investing in costly technology, equipment, and processes firms are entering into joint-venture relationships designed to spread infrastructure risk among competitors in order for the entire industry to remain healthy. In some cases, firms have required mergers or acquisitions in order to expand resources for highly technical exploration and advanced production. . Other changes on the energy scene, particularly increasing prices for both oil and gas, are prompting several companies to take a broader view of their business. They are transforming themselves through investments in alternative energy sources, including solar, wind, biomass, geothermal energy, and fuel cell technology. The realization that alternative fuels and renewable energy technologies will play an increasingly important role as a bridge between the current focus on hydrocarbons and the clean, cheap promise of hydrogen has prompted many oil companies to invest heavily in these areas. Using technology to boost productivity The technology that oil companies provide their employees is principal perimeter, especially where operational efficiencies can be obtained. Management requires solid standard metrics in order to justify investing in technology. India has steadily established itself in the core of the international production of petrochemical and petrochemical related products in the present state of affairs. With the economic growth cycle slowing down in the United States, the Asian developing nations, especially India, would preferably stand in the global petrochemical market as a producer of these products. This is one of the major challenges facing India petrochemical industry. PESTEL analysis PESTEL analysis stands for Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Environmental and Legal analysis and describes a framework of macro-environmental factors used in the environmental component of  strategic management. It is a part of the external analysis when conducting strategic analysis and gives an overview of the different macro environmental factors that the company has to take into consideration. Political:- Political factors are degree to government intervenes in the economy. Specifically, political factors include areas such as tax policy, labor   law, law, trade, tariffs, and political stability. Political factors may also consist of goods and services which the government wants to provide or be provided and those that the government does not want to be provided. Besides, governments have great authority on the health education, and infrastructure of   a nation. Economical:- Economic factors include growth, interest, exchange  and the inflation. These factors have major impacts on how businesses run and make decisions. For example, interest rates affect a firms  cost of  capital and therefore to what degree a business grows and expands. Exchange rates affect the costs of exporting goods and the supply and price of imported goods in an economy. Social:- Social factors include the cultural aspects and include health consciousness,  population growth rate, age distribution, career attitudes and emphasis on safety. Trends in social factors affect the demand for a companys products and how that company operates. For example, an old population may imply a smaller and less willing workforce (thus increasing the cost of labor). Moreover; companies may change a variety of management strategies to adapt to these social trends (such as recruiting older workers). Technological:- Technological factors include ecological and environmental aspects, such as RD activity, automation, technology incentives and the rate of  technological change. They can find out  barriers to entry, minimum efficient production level and influence outsourcing decisions. In addition, technological shifts can affect costs, quality, and lead to innovation. Environmental:- Environmental factors include weather, climate. Additionally, increasing awareness to climate change is affecting how companies operate and the products they offer it is both creating new markets and diminishing or destroying existing ones. Legal:- Legal factors include discrimination, consumer, antitrust, employment law, and health. These factors can affect how a company operates, its costs, and the demand for its products. Conclusion Crude oil is one of the most necessitated worldwide required commodities. Any smallest amount fluctuation in crude oil prices can have both direct and indirect pressure on the economy of the countries. The instability of crude oil prices group many companies away. Therefore, prices have been regularly and closely monito